First detection of ultra-high energy emission from gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303

LHAASO 合作组利用其数据首次探测到伽马射线双星系统 LS I +61 303 的超高能(>100 TeV)辐射,并观测到 3.9σ 置信度的轨道调制特征,为极端粒子加速及轻子与强子过程共同作用的复合模型提供了有力证据。

Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Bian (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Blunier (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. V. Bukevich (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. M. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. F. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. F. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Liang Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Long Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Z. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. B. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Y. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. W. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Z. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. L. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Danzengluobu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Diao (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. J. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Q. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. K. Duan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. F. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Gabici (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. K. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. T. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. S. Geng (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Giacinti (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Gong (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. B. Gou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. H. Gu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. P. Han (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. A. Hannuksela (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Hasan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. H. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. N. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Hernández-Cadena (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. W. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. C. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Inventar (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Ji (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. W. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. J. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Jin (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Kaci (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Kang (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. Karpikov (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Khangulyan (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Kuleshov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Kurinov (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cheng Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cong Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jian Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jie Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. R. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhuo Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. W. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. J. Lin (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. M. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. N. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Lou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Lv (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Q. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. O. Maliy (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Mao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Min (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Mitthumsiri (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Mizuno (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. B. Mou (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Neronov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. C. Y. Ng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Ni (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Nie (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. J. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. W. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Pattarakijwanich (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. Pei (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Y. Peng (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Qin (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Qu (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Raza (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Ren (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Ruffolo (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Sáiz (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Savchenko (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Semikoz (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Shao (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. Shchegolev (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Shen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. D. Sheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. D. Shi (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. W. Shu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Song (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yu. V. Stenkin (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Su (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. H. Tabasam (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Takata (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. H. T. Tam (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Tan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. W. Tian (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. N. Tong (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. H. Wan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. P. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. X. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zheng Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. M. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Wen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Weng (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. R. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. F. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Q. Xi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. M. Xiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Xin (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. R. Xiong (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. N. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. F. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. X. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Xue (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. W. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. F. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Z. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. X. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Yao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. A. Ye (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Q. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Yuan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Yue (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. X. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zha (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. B. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. T. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. M. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Li Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. F. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yi Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yong Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Z. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. P. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. C. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. N. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Y. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. G. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. R. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. C. Zou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zuo (The LHAASO Collaboration)

发布于 Thu, 12 Ma
📖 1 分钟阅读☕ 轻松阅读

Each language version is independently generated for its own context, not a direct translation.

这是一篇关于天文学重大发现的科普解读。简单来说,中国科学家利用“拉索”(LHAASO)望远镜,第一次在宇宙中一个特殊的“双星系统”里,捕捉到了能量极高、极其罕见的伽马射线。

为了让你轻松理解,我们可以把这篇论文的内容想象成一场**“宇宙超级马拉松”的现场报道**。

1. 主角是谁?(LS I +61°303)

想象宇宙中有一对**“怪咖搭档”**:

  • 大哥:一颗巨大的、年轻的恒星(Be 型星),它像是一个正在疯狂喷水的消防栓,不断向外喷射强烈的恒星风和辐射。
  • 小弟:一个看不见的“幽灵”,科学家推测它可能是一颗快速旋转的中子星(脉冲星)。它像是一个在消防栓旁边高速奔跑的**“超级短跑运动员”**。

这对搭档手拉手(互相绕转),每 26.5 天转一圈。当“小弟”跑到大哥喷出的“水雾”(恒星风)最浓密的地方时,就会发生剧烈的碰撞,产生高能粒子。

2. 发现了什么?(超高能伽马射线)

过去,我们只能看到这对搭档在“中等能量”下的表现(比如几万亿电子伏特,TeV)。但这次,“拉索”(LHAASO)望远镜——一个建在四川稻城海拔 4400 米高山上的超级“捕网”——捕捉到了**“超高能”(UHE)**的信号。

  • 比喻:以前我们只能看到这对搭档扔出的“网球”(普通高能粒子),这次我们竟然看到了他们扔出的**“加特林机枪子弹”**(能量超过 100 万亿电子伏特,即 100 TeV 以上)。
  • 意义:这证明了宇宙中存在一种极其强大的“粒子加速器”,能把粒子加速到人类无法想象的极限速度。这就像是在一个小小的太阳系里,发现了一个能制造“宇宙级核弹”能量的工厂。

3. 怎么发现的?(拉索的“三眼”)

“拉索”望远镜由三部分组成,就像有三个不同功能的眼睛:

  • WCDA(水切伦科夫探测器阵列):像一个巨大的**“浅水池”**,专门捕捉中等能量的“网球”。它发现信号非常强(9.2 倍的标准差,相当于在人群中一眼认出了那个穿红衣服的人)。
  • KM2A(平方公里阵列):像一个巨大的**“地面捕网”**,专门捕捉极高能量的“子弹”。它虽然只抓到了 16 个超高能事件(背景噪音只有 5 个),但这足以证明它们确实存在(3.8 倍标准差)。
  • 最厉害的一点:他们发现,能量最高的那些“子弹”,并不是随时都有的,而是有节奏地出现

4. 有趣的节奏(轨道调制)

这对“搭档”在绕圈跑的时候,发射高能粒子的规律很有趣:

  • 低能量时:在轨道的某个位置(远日点附近)发射得比较猛。
  • 超高能量时:科学家发现,那些能量最高的“子弹”,似乎更喜欢在轨道的另一侧(近日点附近,也就是离大哥最近、碰撞最激烈的时候)出现。

比喻:想象那个“短跑运动员”在绕圈跑。当他跑到大哥喷水的“死角”或者“最浓密的水雾”里时,他不仅跑得更快,还能把水花甩得更高、更远。这种**“能量越高,出现时间越特殊”**的现象,是解开宇宙谜题的关键线索。

5. 他们是怎么做到的?(两种“引擎”)

科学家在讨论:到底是什么机制产生了这么高的能量?

  • 纯电子引擎(轻子模型):就像用电子去撞击光子。但在超高能下,这就像**“用乒乓球去撞保龄球”**,效率会急剧下降(康普顿散射的克莱因 - 仁科效应限制),很难解释为什么会有那么高的能量。
  • 质子引擎(强子模型):就像用**“质子(原子核)”**去撞击。质子更重、更硬,能扛住更高的能量。
  • 结论:科学家认为,这很可能是一个**“混合双打”**。
    • 低能量时,主要是电子在起作用(像轻快的乒乓球)。
    • 超高能量时,主要是质子在起作用(像沉重的铁球)。
    • 这对搭档不仅是个“加速器”,更是一个**“银河系内的 PeV 加速器”(PeVatron)**。这意味着它有能力把质子加速到 100 万亿电子伏特(PeV)级别,这通常是只有超新星遗迹或黑洞喷流才有的能力,而这里只是一个双星系统!

6. 总结:为什么这很重要?

这篇论文告诉我们:

  1. 宇宙比我们想象的更狂野:在一个只有两颗恒星的小系统里,竟然藏着能制造“宇宙级子弹”的工厂。
  2. 新工具的力量:中国的“拉索”望远镜就像一把新钥匙,打开了通往“超高能宇宙”的大门,让我们看到了以前看不到的景象。
  3. 物理学的突破:这挑战了我们对粒子加速机制的旧认知,告诉我们宇宙中的粒子加速可能比我们想象的更复杂、更高效。

一句话总结
中国科学家利用“拉索”望远镜,在宇宙中一对“跳舞”的恒星系统里,第一次抓到了能量极高的“宇宙子弹”,证明那里藏着一个能把粒子加速到极限的超级工厂,而且这个工厂的运作规律非常有趣,可能是电子和质子“混合双打”的结果。