Elucidating the interactions of an unmodified natural clay with cationic and anionic dyes: Toward sustainable remediation
This study elucidates the mechanisms governing the efficient and largely irreversible adsorption of cationic methylene blue and anionic Congo red dyes onto unmodified Cuban natural palygorskite clay, identifying electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and supramolecular interactions as the primary drivers for water remediation.