GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and Implications for Structured Jets in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

En observant le sursaut gamma GRB 221009A avec le télescope LST-1 du CTAO, les auteurs ont détecté une émission gamma très énergétique significative à 1,33 jour après l'explosion, ce qui permet d'exclure certains modèles de jets structurés et d'affiner notre compréhension de la structure de ces jets.

LST Collaboration, K. Abe (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), S. Abe (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Abhishek (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), F. Acero (Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, FSLAC IRL 2009, CNRS/IAC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), A. Aguasca-Cabot (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), I. Agudo (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), C. Alispach (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), D. Ambrosino (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), F. Ambrosino (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), L. A. Antonelli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), C. Aramo (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), A. Arbet-Engels (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), C. Arcaro (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), T. T. H. Arnesen (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), K. Asano (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. Aubert (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Baktash (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), M. Balbo (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), A. Bamba (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan), A. Baquero Larriva (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador), U. Barres de Almeida (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), J. A. Barrio (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Barrios Jiménez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), I. Batkovic (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Baxter (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), J. Becerra González (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Bernete (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Berti (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), I. Bezshyiko (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), C. Bigongiari (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), E. Bissaldi (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), O. Blanch (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), G. Bonnoli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), P. Bordas (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), G. Borkowski (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), G. Brunelli (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia), A. Bulgarelli (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Bunse (Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), I. Burelli (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), L. Burmistrov (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), M. Cardillo (INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali), S. Caroff (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Carosi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), R. Carraro (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), M. S. Carrasco (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), F. Cassol (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), D. Cerasole (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), G. Ceribella (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), A. Cerviño Cortínez (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), Y. Chai (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), K. Cheng (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Chiavassa (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), M. Chikawa (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), G. Chon (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), L. Chytka (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), G. M. Cicciari (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), A. Cifuentes (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. L. Contreras (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), H. Costantini (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Dalchenko (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), P. Da Vela (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Dazzi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), A. De Angelis (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. de Bony de Lavergne (IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), R. Del Burgo (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), C. Delgado (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Delgado Mengual (Port d'Informació Científica, Edifici D, Carrer de l'Albareda, 08193 Bellaterrra), M. Dellaiera (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), D. della Volpe (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), B. De Lotto (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), L. Del Peral (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), R. de Menezes (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), G. De Palma (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), C. Díaz (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Di Piano (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Di Pierro (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), R. Di Tria (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), L. Di Venere (INFN Sezione di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy), R. M. Dominik (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), D. Dominis Prester (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), A. Donini (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), D. Dorner (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), L. Eisenberger (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsässer (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), G. Emery (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), J. Escudero (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), V. Fallah Ramazani (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), F. Ferrarotto (INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Rome, Italy), A. Fiasson (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France, ILANCE, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), L. Foffano (INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali), F. Frías García-Lago (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Fröse (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), Y. Fukazawa (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), S. Gallozzi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), R. Garcia López (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Garcia Soto (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Gasbarra (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), D. Gasparrini (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), D. Geyer (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), J. Giesbrecht Paiva (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), N. Giglietto (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), F. Giordano (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), N. Godinovic (University of Split, FESB, R. Boškovica 32, 21000 Split, Croatia), T. Gradetzke (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), R. Grau (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), D. Green (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Green (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), S. Gunji (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), P. Günther (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Hackfeld (Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany), D. Hadasch (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Hahn (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Hashizume (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), T. Hassan (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), K. Hayashi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Sendai College, National Institute of Technology, 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan), L. Heckmann (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France), M. Heller (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), J. Herrera Llorente (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), K. Hirotani (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. Hoffmann (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), D. Horns (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), J. Houles (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Hrabovsky (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), D. Hrupec (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia), D. Hui (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea), M. Iarlori (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), R. Imazawa (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), T. Inada (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Inome (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. Inoue (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan), K. Ioka (Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), M. Iori (INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Rome, Italy), T. Itokawa (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Iuliano (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), J. Jahanvi (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), I. Jimenez Martinez (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Jimenez Quiles (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), I. Jorge Rodrigo (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Jurysek (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Kagaya (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Sendai College, National Institute of Technology, 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan), O. Kalashev (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), V. Karas (Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II 1401 - 14100 Prague, Czech Republic), H. Katagiri (Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan), D. Kerszberg (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France), T. Kiyomot (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), Y. Kobayashi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), K. Kohri (Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK), A. Kong (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. Kornecki (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), H. Kubo (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), J. Kushida (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), B. Lacave (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), M. Lainez (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Lamanna (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Lamastra (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), L. Lemoigne (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), M. Linhoff (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), S. Lombardi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), F. Longo (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy), R. López-Coto (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), M. López-Moya (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. López-Oramas (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Loporchio (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), A. Lorini (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. Lozano Bahilo (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), F. Lucarelli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), H. Luciani (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy), P. L. Luque-Escamilla (Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain), P. Majumdar (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India), M. Makariev (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), M. Mallamaci (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), D. Mandat (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Manganaro (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), D. K. Maniadakis (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Manicò (INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), K. Mannheim (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Marchesi (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634, USA), F. Marini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Mariotti (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), P. Marquez (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), G. Marsella (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), J. Martí (Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain), O. Martinez (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Martínez (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Martínez (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), A. Mas-Aguilar (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Massa (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), G. Maurin (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), D. Mazin (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Méndez-Gallego (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), S. Menon (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), E. Mestre Guillen (Institute of Space Sciences), D. Miceli (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), T. Miener (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. M. Miranda (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), R. Mirzoyan (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Mizote (Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan), T. Mizuno (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), M. Molero Gonzalez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), E. Molina (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), T. Montaruli (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), A. Moralejo (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), D. Morcuende (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), A. Moreno Ramos (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Morselli (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), V. Moya (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), H. Muraishi (School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan), S. Nagataki (RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), T. Nakamori (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), A. Neronov (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), D. Nieto Castaño (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Nievas Rosillo (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), L. Nikolic (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), K. Nishijima (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), K. Noda (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan), D. Nosek (Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic), V. Novotny (Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic), S. Nozaki (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Ohishi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Ohtani (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Oka (Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), A. Okumura (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute), R. Orito (Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan), L. Orsini (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. Otero-Santos (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), P. Ottanelli (INFN Sezione di Pisa, Edificio C - Polo Fibonacci, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy), M. Palatiello (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Panebianco (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), D. Paneque (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), F. R. Pantaleo (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), R. Paoletti (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. M. Paredes (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), M. Pech (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic, FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Pecimotika (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), M. Peresano (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), F. Pfeifle (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Pietropaolo (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), M. Pihet (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), G. Pirola (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), C. Plard (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), F. Podobnik (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), M. Polo (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), E. Prandini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Prouza (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), S. Rainò (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), R. Rando (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), W. Rhode (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), V. Rizi (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), G. Rodriguez Fernandez (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), M. D. Rodríguez Frías (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), P. Romano (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), A. Roy (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), A. Ruina (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), E. Ruiz-Velasco (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), T. Saito (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. Sakurai (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. A. Sanchez (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), H. Sano (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan), T. Šaric (University of Split, FESB, R. Boškovica 32, 21000 Split, Croatia), Y. Sato (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), F. G. Saturni (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), V. Savchenko (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), F. Schiavone (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), B. Schleicher (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), F. Schmuckermaier (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. L. Schubert (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), F. Schussler (IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), T. Schweizer (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Seglar Arroyo (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), T. Siegert (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), G. Silvestri (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Simongini (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), J. Sitarek (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), V. Sliusar (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), A. Stamerra (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), J. Striškovic (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia), M. Strzys (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Suda (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), A. Sunny (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), H. Tajima (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan), M. Takahashi (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan), J. Takata (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), R. Takeishi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. H. T. Tam (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. J. Tanaka (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), D. Tateishi (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), T. Tavernier (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), P. Temnikov (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), Y. Terada (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), K. Terauchi (Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), T. Terzic (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), M. Teshima (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Tluczykont (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), F. Tokanai (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), T. Tomura (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. F. Torres (Institute of Space Sciences), F. Tramonti (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), P. Travnicek (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), G. Tripodo (INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), A. Tutone (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), M. Vacula (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), J. van Scherpenberg (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Vázquez Acosta (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Ventura (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), S. Vercellone (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), G. Verna (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), I. Viale (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Vigliano (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), C. F. Vigorito (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), E. Visentin (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), V. Vitale (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), V. Voitsekhovskyi (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), G. Voutsinas (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), I. Vovk (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Vuillaume (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), R. Walter (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), L. Wan (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), M. Will (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Wójtowicz (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), T. Yamamoto (Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan), R. Yamazaki (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), Y. Yao (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), P. K. H. Yeung (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Yoshida (Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan), T. Yoshikoshi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), W. Zhang (Institute of Space Sciences)Wed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Stochastic modelling of cosmic-ray sources for Galactic diffuse emissions

Cette étude utilise une simulation de Monte Carlo stochastique pour démontrer que la nature discrète des sources de rayons cosmiques, en particulier dans les scénarios de diffusion dépendante du temps, introduit des incertitudes significatives dans les émissions galactiques diffuses au-delà de quelques dizaines de TeV, ce qui pourrait aider à concilier les prédictions théoriques avec les observations récentes du LHAASO.

Anton Stall, Philipp MertschWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

The detection of high X-ray polarization from an accretion disc corona source and its modelling via Monte Carlo radiation transfer simulation

Cette étude rapporte la détection d'une forte polarisation X (8,5 %) provenant du système 2S 0921-630 observé par IXPE et propose un modèle de transfert radiatif Monte Carlo incluant un vent thermique pour expliquer ces observations, bien que certaines variations de l'angle de polarisation suggèrent une géométrie de diffusion plus complexe.

Ryota Tomaru, Chris Done, Hirokazu OdakaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Simulation-Based Prediction of Black Hole Spectra: From $10M_\odotto to 10^8 M_\odot$

Cette étude étend une méthode de post-traitement radiatif aux trous noirs de masse allant jusqu'à $10^8 M_\odot$, démontrant que l'application de la physique du rayonnement standard aux simulations GRMHD permet de reproduire avec succès les spectres observés et d'expliquer des phénomènes tels que l'excès de rayons X mous à travers tout le spectre de masse des trous noirs.

Chris Nagele, Julian H. Krolik, Rongrong Liu, Brooks E. Kinch, Jeremy D. SchnittmanWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Discovery of a compact hierarchical triple main-sequence star system while searching for binary stars with compact objects

Les auteurs ont découvert et caractérisé un système triple hiérarchique compact de étoiles de la séquence principale, nommé G1010, en combinant des observations spectroscopiques à différents rapports signal-sur-bruit et des données de Gaia et TESS, révélant ainsi qu'un objet initialement suspecté d'être un objet compact massif est en réalité une binaire interne éclipsante.

Ataru Tanikawa, Akito Tajitsu, Satoshi Honda, Hiroyuki Maehara, Bun'ei Sato, Kento Masuda, Masashi Omiya, Hideyuki IzumiuraWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Black hole scalar sirens in the Milky Way

Cet article propose que les trous noirs stellaires isolés de la Voie lactée, en interagissant avec des particules scalaires légères via une instabilité de superradiance, pourraient former une population persistante de « sirènes scalaires » émettant un fond de scalaires détectable, offrant ainsi une nouvelle sonde pour étudier ces objets invisibles et contraindre les propriétés des scalaires.

Daniel Gavilan-Martin, Olivier Simon, Dhashin Krishna, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Dmitry Budker, Arne WickenbrockWed, 11 Ma🔬 physics.atom-ph

Scalar shortcut to beyond-Kerr ringdown tests and their complementarity with black-hole shadow observations

Cet article propose une méthode approximative utilisant les modes quasi-normaux d'un champ scalaire pour tester les écarts à la relativité générale lors du ringdown des trous noirs, démontrant que cette approche est à la fois précise et complémentaire aux observations de l'ombre des trous noirs, offrant parfois des contraintes plus strictes sur certaines théories modifiées de la gravité.

Paolo Pani, Andrea P. SannaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Binary Black Holes population synthesis based on the current LVK observations

En se basant sur les observations LVK de 2015 à 2024, cette étude démontre que la population de fusions de trous noirs binaires s'explique statistiquement mieux par un mélange de trous noirs issus de l'effondrement d'étoiles massives, de fusions hiérarchiques et potentiellement de trous noirs primordiaux, plutôt que par un seul mécanisme de formation.

Mehdi El Bouhaddouti, Ilias Cholis, Muhsin AljafWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Gamma-ray Signatures of r-Process Radioactivity from the Collapse of Magnetized White Dwarfs

Cette étude prédit que l'effondrement d'une naine blanche magnétisée et en rotation rapide produit des signatures gamma distinctives combinant des raies de processus-r et de noyaux du pic du fer, détectables par les futurs télescopes MeV jusqu'à environ 30 Mpc, ce qui permettrait de distinguer ces événements des fusions d'étoiles à neutrons.

Tetyana Pitik, Yong-Zhong Qia, David Radice, Daniel KasenWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Detecting Axion-like particles using Cosmic Variance Cancellation with CMB and Radio surveys

En exploitant l'annulation de la variance cosmique sur des données combinées du CMB et des relevés radio, cette étude propose une méthode améliorée pour détecter les axions et les particules de type axion via la conversion résonante des photons dans les amas de galaxies, permettant d'affiner considérablement les contraintes sur leur couplage et leur masse.

Harsh Mehta, Anaya Dixit, Suvodip Mukherjee, Joseph SilkWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Matter- and magnetically-driven flavor conversion of neutrinos in magnetorotational collapses

En se basant sur une simulation 3D d'effondrement magnéto-rotationnel, cette étude révèle que les interactions de flip de chiralité induites par le moment magnétique des neutrinos et les champs magnétiques intenses modifient significativement les taux de détection attendus dans les télescopes à neutrinos, en fonction de l'orientation de la source et du scénario de conversion de saveur.

Marco Manno, Pablo Martínez-Miravé, Irene TamborraWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Accretion Disk Evolution in GX 339-4 Across Spectral States Using NuSTAR, NICER, and Insight-HXMT Observations

En analysant les observations simultanées de NuSTAR, NICER et Insight-HXMT de l'éruption 2021 de GX 339-4, cette étude démontre que l'inclusion d'une composante de corona chaude dans l'état dur permet de résoudre les incohérences de normalisation du disque d'accrétion et soutient un modèle géométrique à double corona.

Ruchika Dhaka, Ranjeev Misra, Suraj Kumar ChaurasiaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Time-dependent photospheric radiative transfer in structured GRB jets: spectral evolution and polarization diagnostics

Cette étude modélise l'émission photosphérique des jets de sursauts gamma structurés en couplant des simulations hydrodynamiques et un transfert radiatif Monte Carlo pour révéler comment la structure angulaire du jet, la charge en paires et la profondeur de dissipation régulent l'évolution spectrale et les signatures de polarisation observables.

Yue Xu, Ming Jin, Qingwen TangWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Dynamics of thin accretion disks and accretion around a charged-PFDM black hole

En se basant sur les observations de M87* par l'EHT pour contraindre les paramètres d'un trou noir chargé plongé dans un milieu de matière noire fluide parfaite, cette étude analyse l'impact de ces paramètres sur la dynamique des disques d'accrétion minces et les processus d'accrétion sphérique, révélant que bien que le flux et la température locaux soient réduits, l'efficacité radiative et la luminosité totale sont supérieures à celles d'un trou noir de Schwarzschild.

Taiyang Zhang, Zhongyuan Qin, Qian Feng, Zheng-Wen LongWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph