🔬 Category

physics

790 篇论文

Photons = Tokens: The Physics of AI and the Economics of Knowledge

该论文通过将大语言模型的“令牌”定义为具有可测量热力学成本的物理量，结合信息论、热力学及经济学原理构建了全球令牌供需模型，旨在量化人类向 AI 系统提出有意义问题的物理与经济上限，并指出在算力约束下，决定性的挑战并非能回答多少问题，而是如何确定哪些值得提问。

Alec Litowitz, Nick Polson, Vadim SokolovTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

Boltzmann-Curtiss Description for Flows under Translational Nonequilibrium

该研究提出了一种基于玻尔兹曼 - 柯蒂斯分布的形态连续介质理论，通过引入包含旋转自由度的新体粘度模型，在宽马赫数范围内显著改善了激波结构及非平衡态下的密度、应力和激波厚度预测精度，证明了其相较于传统纳维 - 斯托克斯方程在描述非平衡流动时的优越性。

Mohamed M. Ahmed, Mohamad I. Cheikh, James ChenTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

Effect of front surface engineering on high energy electron, X-ray and heavy ion generation from Relativistic laser interaction with thick high-Z targets

该研究利用 Scarlet 装置探究了不同前表面涂层对厚钽靶与相对论激光相互作用的影响，发现尽管过厚的涂层降低了电子和 X 射线产额，但通过控制涂层密度与厚度可优化能量耦合，且后损伤弹坑分析可作为评估吸收效率的有效手段。

J. Twardowski (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), C. Kuz (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), A. S. Bogale (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA), Z. Su (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), A. Lee (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), R. Kaur (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), M. Eder (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), Y. Noor (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), D. P. Broughton (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA), Md Kazi Rokunuzzaman (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), R. Hollinger (Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA), A. Blackston (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), J. Strehlow (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA), A. Baraona (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), P. Spingola (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), G. Tiscareno (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), D. Hanggi (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), B. Unzicker (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), C. -S. Wong (Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA), G. K. Ngirmang (National Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore), F. N. Beg (Center for Energy Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA), D. Schumacher (Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA), E. Chowdhury (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA)Tue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

First Optical Observation of Negative Ion Drift at Surface Pressure

CYGNO/INITIUM 项目团队利用光学读出时间投影室，在海平面气压下首次观测到 He:CF4_4:SF6_6混合气体中的负离子漂移现象，并通过波形分析揭示了主导离子与高速少数载流子共存的多物种漂移机制，为稀有事件探测的大规模低扩散光学 TPC 发展开辟了新路径。

F. D. Amaro, R. Antonietti, E. Baracchini, L. Benussi, C. Capoccia, M. Caponero, L. G. M. de Carvalho, G. Cavoto, I. A. Costa, A. Croce, M. D'Astolfo, G. D'Imperio, G. Dho, F. Di Giambattista, E. Di Marco, J. M. F. dos Santos, D. Fiorina, F. Iacoangeli, Z. Islam, H. P. Lima Jr., G. Maccarrone, R. D. P. Mano, D. J. G. Marques, G. Mazzitelli, P. Meloni, A. Messina, C. M. B. Monteiro, R. A. Nobrega, I. F. Pains, E. Paoletti, F. Petrucci, S. Piacentini, D. Pierluigi, D. Pinci, A. A. Prajapati, F. Renga, A. Russo, G. Saviano, P. A. O. C. Silva, N. J. C. Spooner, R. Tesauro, S. Tomassini, S. Torelli, D. TozziTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

Experimentally Resolving Gravity-Capillary Wave Evolution in Vessels of Unknown Boundary Conditions

本文提出了一种名为“提取模态追踪”（EMT）的无监督机器学习数据分析框架，通过直接从时空测量数据中提取波模态基，有效解决了因边界条件未知而难以分析重力 - 毛细波演化的问题，并在合成数据与法拉第波实验中验证了其在噪声鲁棒性、精度及受限视场下的优越性能，为研究轴对称流体界面系统的非线性动力学提供了通用工具。

Sean M. D. Gregory, Vitor S. Barroso, Silvia Schiattarella, Anastasios Avgoustidis, Silke WeinfurtnerTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

An analytical model for rotors in confined flow across operating regimes

该论文提出了一种名为“统一阻塞模型”的广义工程模型，用于描述任意攻角和高推力系数下受限流场中转子（如风洞或水轮机）的复杂动力学行为，并通过大涡模拟、叶片元动量法及实验数据验证了其准确性，从而弥补了现有阻塞修正模型在适用范围上的不足。

I. M. L. Upfal, K. J. McClure, K. S. Heck, S. Pieris, J. W. Kurelek, M. Hultmark, M. F. HowlandTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

Efficacy of Scalable Airline-led Contrail Avoidance

该研究通过随机对照试验证实，将航线尾迹规避策略整合到航空公司标准调度流程中，在无需增加燃油消耗的情况下，能显著降低尾迹形成率。

Tharun Sankar, Thomas Dean, Tristan Abbott, Jill Blickstein, Alejandra Martín Frías, Mark Galyen, Rebecca Grenham, Paul Hodgson, Kevin McCloskey, Alan Pechman, Tyler Robarge, Dinesh Sanekommu, Aaron Sarna, Aaron Sonabend-W, Marc Stettler, Raimund Zopp, Scott GeraedtsTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

A semi-analytical pseudo-spectral method for 3D Boussinesq equations of rotating, stratified flows in unbounded cylindrical domains

本文提出了一种针对旋转分层流三维 Boussinesq 方程的半解析伪谱方法，该方法结合映射勒让德多项式与傅里叶展开处理无界圆柱域，并采用解析线性算子的指数时间差分（ETD）方案，成功克服了强剪切和快速恢复波导致的数值刚性问题，从而实现了大时间步长下对天体物理及地球物理涡流不稳定性的高效高精度模拟。

Jinge Wang, Philip S. MarcusTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics

Optimize discrete loss with finite-difference physics constraint and time-stepping for solving incompressible flow

本文提出了一种名为 FDTO 的有限差分时间步进损失优化求解器，通过结合曲线坐标变换与体拟合结构化网格，将长时程演化分解为序列化的良态子问题，从而在显著降低显存占用并提升精度的同时，有效解决了不可压缩流及扩散混合等问题的离散损失优化挑战。

Yali Luo, Yiye Zou, Heng Zhang, Mingjie Zhang, Gang Wei, Jingyu Wang, Xiaogang DengTue, 10 Ma🔬 physics