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GRB 221009A: Observations with LST-1 of CTAO and Implications for Structured Jets in Long Gamma-Ray Bursts

El estudio presenta observaciones de GRB 221009A con el telescopio LST-1 del CTAO que revelan un exceso de rayos gamma con una significancia de 4.1σ\sigma a 1.33 días del estallido, lo que permite descartar modelos de jets estructurados que predicen un flujo muy alto en esa época y ayuda a comprender la estructura angular de los chorros en los estallidos de rayos gamma largos.

LST Collaboration, K. Abe (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), S. Abe (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Abhishek (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), F. Acero (Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, FSLAC IRL 2009, CNRS/IAC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), A. Aguasca-Cabot (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), I. Agudo (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), C. Alispach (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), D. Ambrosino (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), F. Ambrosino (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), L. A. Antonelli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), C. Aramo (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), A. Arbet-Engels (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), C. Arcaro (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), T. T. H. Arnesen (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), K. Asano (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. Aubert (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Baktash (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), M. Balbo (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), A. Bamba (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan), A. Baquero Larriva (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador), U. Barres de Almeida (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), J. A. Barrio (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), L. Barrios Jiménez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), I. Batkovic (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Baxter (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), J. Becerra González (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), E. Bernardini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Bernete (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Berti (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), I. Bezshyiko (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), C. Bigongiari (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), E. Bissaldi (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), O. Blanch (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), G. Bonnoli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), P. Bordas (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), G. Borkowski (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), G. Brunelli (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia), A. Bulgarelli (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Bunse (Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), I. Burelli (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), L. Burmistrov (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), M. Cardillo (INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali), S. Caroff (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Carosi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), R. Carraro (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), M. S. Carrasco (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), F. Cassol (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), D. Cerasole (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), G. Ceribella (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), A. Cerviño Cortínez (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), Y. Chai (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), K. Cheng (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Chiavassa (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), M. Chikawa (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), G. Chon (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), L. Chytka (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), G. M. Cicciari (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), A. Cifuentes (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. L. Contreras (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Cortina (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), H. Costantini (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Dalchenko (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), P. Da Vela (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Dazzi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), A. De Angelis (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. de Bony de Lavergne (IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), R. Del Burgo (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), C. Delgado (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Delgado Mengual (Port d'Informació Científica, Edifici D, Carrer de l'Albareda, 08193 Bellaterrra), M. Dellaiera (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), D. della Volpe (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), B. De Lotto (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), L. Del Peral (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), R. de Menezes (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), G. De Palma (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), C. Díaz (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Di Piano (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Di Pierro (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy), R. Di Tria (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), L. Di Venere (INFN Sezione di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy), R. M. Dominik (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), D. Dominis Prester (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), A. Donini (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), D. Dorner (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), M. Doro (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), L. Eisenberger (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), D. Elsässer (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), G. Emery (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), J. Escudero (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), V. Fallah Ramazani (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Finland, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), F. Ferrarotto (INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Rome, Italy), A. Fiasson (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France, ILANCE, CNRS - University of Tokyo International Research Laboratory, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), L. Foffano (INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali), F. Frías García-Lago (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Fröse (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), Y. Fukazawa (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), S. Gallozzi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), R. Garcia López (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Garcia Soto (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), C. Gasbarra (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), D. Gasparrini (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), D. Geyer (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), J. Giesbrecht Paiva (Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, RJ 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), N. Giglietto (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), F. Giordano (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), N. Godinovic (University of Split, FESB, R. Boškovica 32, 21000 Split, Croatia), T. Gradetzke (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), R. Grau (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), D. Green (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Green (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), S. Gunji (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), P. Günther (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), J. Hackfeld (Institut für Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Plasma-Astroteilchenphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany), D. Hadasch (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Hahn (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Hashizume (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), T. Hassan (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), K. Hayashi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Sendai College, National Institute of Technology, 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan), L. Heckmann (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, F-75013 Paris, France), M. Heller (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), J. Herrera Llorente (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), K. Hirotani (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. Hoffmann (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), D. Horns (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), J. Houles (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Hrabovsky (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), D. Hrupec (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia), D. Hui (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea), M. Iarlori (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), R. Imazawa (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), T. Inada (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Inome (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. Inoue (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan), K. Ioka (Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), M. Iori (INFN Sezione di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro, 2 - 00185 Rome, Italy), T. Itokawa (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), A. Iuliano (INFN Sezione di Napoli, Via Cintia, ed. G, 80126 Napoli, Italy), J. Jahanvi (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), I. Jimenez Martinez (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Jimenez Quiles (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), I. Jorge Rodrigo (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. Jurysek (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Kagaya (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Sendai College, National Institute of Technology, 4-16-1 Ayashi-Chuo, Aoba-ku, Sendai city, Miyagi 989-3128, Japan), O. Kalashev (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), V. Karas (Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bocni II 1401 - 14100 Prague, Czech Republic), H. Katagiri (Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan), D. Kerszberg (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, LPNHE, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France), T. Kiyomot (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), Y. Kobayashi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), K. Kohri (Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK), A. Kong (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. Kornecki (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), H. Kubo (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), J. Kushida (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), B. Lacave (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), M. Lainez (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Lamanna (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), A. Lamastra (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), L. Lemoigne (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), M. Linhoff (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), S. Lombardi (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), F. Longo (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy), R. López-Coto (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), M. López-Moya (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. López-Oramas (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Loporchio (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), A. Lorini (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. Lozano Bahilo (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), F. Lucarelli (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), H. Luciani (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 I, 34127 Trieste, Italy), P. L. Luque-Escamilla (Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain), P. Majumdar (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Sector 1, AF Block, Bidhan Nagar, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, West Bengal 700064, India), M. Makariev (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), M. Mallamaci (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), D. Mandat (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Manganaro (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), D. K. Maniadakis (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Manicò (INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), K. Mannheim (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), S. Marchesi (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634, USA), F. Marini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Mariotti (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), P. Marquez (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), G. Marsella (Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica 'E. Segrè' Università degli Studi di Palermo, via delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), J. Martí (Escuela Politécnica Superior de Jaén, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, Edif. A3, 23071 Jaén, Spain), O. Martinez (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), G. Martínez (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Martínez (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), A. Mas-Aguilar (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Massa (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), G. Maurin (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), D. Mazin (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Méndez-Gallego (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), S. Menon (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), E. Mestre Guillen (Institute of Space Sciences), D. Miceli (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), T. Miener (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), J. M. Miranda (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), R. Mirzoyan (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Mizote (Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan), T. Mizuno (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), M. Molero Gonzalez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), E. Molina (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), T. Montaruli (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), A. Moralejo (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), D. Morcuende (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), A. Moreno Ramos (Grupo de Electronica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain), A. Morselli (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), V. Moya (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), H. Muraishi (School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan), S. Nagataki (RIKEN, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan), T. Nakamori (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), A. Neronov (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), D. Nieto Castaño (IPARCOS-UCM, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos, and EMFTEL Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ciencias, 1. Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain), M. Nievas Rosillo (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), L. Nikolic (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), K. Nishijima (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), K. Noda (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba, 263-8522 Japan), D. Nosek (Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic), V. Novotny (Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic), S. Nozaki (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Ohishi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Ohtani (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Oka (Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), A. Okumura (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan, Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute), R. Orito (Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan), L. Orsini (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. Otero-Santos (Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain), P. Ottanelli (INFN Sezione di Pisa, Edificio C - Polo Fibonacci, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy), M. Palatiello (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Panebianco (INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), D. Paneque (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), F. R. Pantaleo (INFN Sezione di Bari and Politecnico di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70124 Bari, Italy), R. Paoletti (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), J. M. Paredes (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), M. Pech (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic, FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), M. Pecimotika (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), M. Peresano (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), F. Pfeifle (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), E. Pietropaolo (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), M. Pihet (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), G. Pirola (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), C. Plard (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), F. Podobnik (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), M. Polo (CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain), E. Prandini (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Prouza (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), S. Rainò (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), R. Rando (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), W. Rhode (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), M. Ribó (Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica, Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, IEEC-UB, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028, Barcelona, Spain), V. Rizi (INFN Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche - Università degli Studi dell'Aquila and Gran Sasso Science Institute, Via Vetoio 1, Viale Crispi 7, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy), G. Rodriguez Fernandez (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), M. D. Rodríguez Frías (University of Alcalá UAH, Departamento de Physics and Mathematics, Pza. San Diego, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain), P. Romano (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), A. Roy (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), A. Ruina (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), E. Ruiz-Velasco (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), T. Saito (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. Sakurai (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. A. Sanchez (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), H. Sano (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Gifu University, Faculty of Engineering, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan), T. Šaric (University of Split, FESB, R. Boškovica 32, 21000 Split, Croatia), Y. Sato (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), F. G. Saturni (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), V. Savchenko (Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland), F. Schiavone (INFN Sezione di Bari and Università di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy), B. Schleicher (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), F. Schmuckermaier (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. L. Schubert (Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, 44227 Dortmund, Germany), F. Schussler (IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 141, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), T. Schweizer (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Seglar Arroyo (Institut de Fisica d'Altes Energies), T. Siegert (Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Universität Würzburg, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany), G. Silvestri (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Simongini (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), J. Sitarek (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), V. Sliusar (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), A. Stamerra (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), J. Striškovic (Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Department of Physics, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, 31000 Osijek, Croatia), M. Strzys (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), Y. Suda (Physics Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan), A. Sunny (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy, Macroarea di Scienze MMFFNN, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), H. Tajima (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan), M. Takahashi (Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan), J. Takata (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), R. Takeishi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), P. H. T. Tam (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), S. J. Tanaka (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), D. Tateishi (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), T. Tavernier (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), P. Temnikov (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 boul. Tsarigradsko chaussee, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria), Y. Terada (Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Simo-Ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama city, Saitama 338-8570, Japan), K. Terauchi (Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan), T. Terzic (University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, Radmile Matejcic 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia), M. Teshima (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan, Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Tluczykont (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Experimentalphysik, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany), F. Tokanai (Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, 990-8560, Japan), T. Tomura (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), D. F. Torres (Institute of Space Sciences), F. Tramonti (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), P. Travnicek (FZU - Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic), G. Tripodo (INFN Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy), A. Tutone (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via di Frascati 33, 00040, Monteporzio Catone, Italy), M. Vacula (Palacky University Olomouc, Faculty of Science, 17. listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic), J. van Scherpenberg (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), M. Vázquez Acosta (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C. Vía Láctea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain), S. Ventura (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), S. Vercellone (INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy), G. Verna (INFN and Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente), I. Viale (INFN Sezione di Padova and Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Vigliano (INFN Sezione di Trieste and Università degli studi di Udine, via delle scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy), C. F. Vigorito (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), E. Visentin (INFN Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica - Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 - 10125 Torino, Italy), V. Vitale (INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy), V. Voitsekhovskyi (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), G. Voutsinas (University of Geneva - Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, 24 Quai Ernest Ansernet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland), I. Vovk (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Vuillaume (Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France), R. Walter (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland), L. Wan (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), M. Will (Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Boltzmannstraße 8, 85748 Garching bei München), J. Wójtowicz (Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 149-153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland), T. Yamamoto (Department of Physics, Konan University, 8-9-1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku Kobe 658-8501, Japan), R. Yamazaki (Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5258, Japan), Y. Yao (Department of Physics, Tokai University, 4-1-1, Kita-Kaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan), P. K. H. Yeung (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), T. Yoshida (Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0056, Japan), T. Yoshikoshi (Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8582, Japan), W. Zhang (Institute of Space Sciences)Wed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

The detection of high X-ray polarization from an accretion disc corona source and its modelling via Monte Carlo radiation transfer simulation

Este estudio reporta la primera detección significativa de polarización en rayos X procedente del sistema de estrella de neutrones 2S 0921-630, analizando sus variaciones durante el eclipse y fuera de él mediante simulaciones de Monte Carlo que sugieren que un viento térmico irradiado explica la polarización observada, aunque la variación del ángulo de polarización con la energía podría indicar una geometría de dispersión más compleja.

Ryota Tomaru, Chris Done, Hirokazu OdakaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Simulation-Based Prediction of Black Hole Spectra: From $10M_\odotto to 10^8 M_\odot$

Este estudio extiende un método de post-procesamiento basado en simulaciones de magnetohidrodinámica relativista para predecir espectros de agujeros negros desde masas estelares hasta $10^8 M_\odot$, demostrando que la física de radiación estándar puede reproducir con éxito diversas propiedades observadas, como los estados de acreción y el exceso de rayos X blandos, en todo el espectro de masas.

Chris Nagele, Julian H. Krolik, Rongrong Liu, Brooks E. Kinch, Jeremy D. SchnittmanWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Discovery of a compact hierarchical triple main-sequence star system while searching for binary stars with compact objects

Los autores descubrieron el sistema estelar triple jerárquico compacto G1010, compuesto por tres estrellas de la secuencia principal, mediante la combinación de observaciones espectroscópicas de diferentes niveles de relación señal-ruido y el análisis de curvas de luz de TESS, lo que corrigió la interpretación inicial de que acompañaba a un objeto compacto masivo.

Ataru Tanikawa, Akito Tajitsu, Satoshi Honda, Hiroyuki Maehara, Bun'ei Sato, Kento Masuda, Masashi Omiya, Hideyuki IzumiuraWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Black hole scalar sirens in the Milky Way

Este artículo propone que los agujeros negros aislados de la Vía Láctea pueden generar un fondo persistente de partículas escalares mediante inestabilidad superradiante, ofreciendo una nueva vía de detección independiente de las condiciones cosmológicas iniciales que podría revelar poblaciones de agujeros negros invisibles y superar las señales esperadas de materia oscura en ciertos rangos de masa.

Daniel Gavilan-Martin, Olivier Simon, Dhashin Krishna, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Dmitry Budker, Arne WickenbrockWed, 11 Ma🔬 physics.atom-ph

Scattering from compact objects: Debye series and Regge-Debye poles

Este artículo investiga la dispersión elástica de ondas escalares por estrellas estáticas y esféricas en un espacio-tiempo curvo, introduciendo una descomposición exacta en serie de Debye que separa la reflexión superficial de las contribuciones internas y determinando el espectro de polos Regge-Debye, lo que revela diferencias fundamentales en la dinámica de resonancia entre objetos con densidad similar a la de estrellas de neutrones (R>3MR>3M) y objetos ultracompactos (R<3MR<3M).

Mohamed Ould El HadjWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Scalar shortcut to beyond-Kerr ringdown tests and their complementarity with black-hole shadow observations

Este artículo propone un método aproximado que utiliza las desviaciones de los modos cuasinormales de un campo escalar como proxy para las correcciones gravitacionales, demostrando que esta estrategia es precisa y que las restricciones actuales de la fase de ringdown son comparables o más estrictas que las observaciones de la sombra de los agujeros negros, ofreciendo además límites complementarios en sectores inaccesibles de otra manera.

Paolo Pani, Andrea P. SannaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Binary Black Holes population synthesis based on the current LVK observations

El estudio analiza las observaciones de la colaboración LVK hasta 2024 y concluye que los datos muestran una fuerte preferencia estadística por un modelo de población de agujeros negros binarios que combina agujeros negros de primera generación con otros resultantes de fusiones jerárquicas, e incluso considera la posibilidad de incluir agujeros negros primordiales.

Mehdi El Bouhaddouti, Ilias Cholis, Muhsin AljafWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Detecting Axion-like particles using Cosmic Variance Cancellation with CMB and Radio surveys

Este artículo propone un nuevo método para detectar partículas similares a los axiones mediante la cancelación de la varianza cósmica, combinando datos de microondas y radio de cúmulos de galaxias observados por el Simons Observatory y el SKA, lo que mejora significativamente las restricciones sobre la señal de distorsión de los axiones en comparación con el uso exclusivo de espectros automáticos.

Harsh Mehta, Anaya Dixit, Suvodip Mukherjee, Joseph SilkWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Matter- and magnetically-driven flavor conversion of neutrinos in magnetorotational collapses

Mediante una simulación tridimensional de neutrinos-magnetohidrodinámica, este estudio revela que en los colapsos magnetorrotacionales de estrellas masivas, la conversión de sabor de los neutrinos está impulsada tanto por efectos de materia como por interacciones de espín inducidas por campos magnéticos intensos, lo que genera una fuerte dependencia de la tasa de eventos detectables en la orientación del observador y el tiempo tras el rebote.

Marco Manno, Pablo Martínez-Miravé, Irene TamborraWed, 11 Ma⚛️ hep-ph

Accretion Disk Evolution in GX 339-4 Across Spectral States Using NuSTAR, NICER, and Insight-HXMT Observations

Este estudio de la binaria de rayos X GX 339-4 demuestra que la inclusión de una componente de corona cálida en el estado duro es esencial para reconciliar las discrepancias en el radio del disco de acreción y respalda un modelo geométrico dual de coronas, en contraste con la descripción de una sola corona caliente que basta para el estado blando.

Ruchika Dhaka, Ranjeev Misra, Suraj Kumar ChaurasiaWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Time-dependent photospheric radiative transfer in structured GRB jets: spectral evolution and polarization diagnostics

Este estudio investiga la transferencia radiativa dependiente del tiempo en chorros de GRB estructurados mediante simulaciones hidrodinámicas y Monte Carlo, revelando cómo la estructura angular del chorro y la carga de pares regulan la evolución espectral y las firmas de polarización para ofrecer predicciones comprobables con futuros polarímetros de alta energía.

Yue Xu, Ming Jin, Qingwen TangWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph

Dynamics of thin accretion disks and accretion around a charged-PFDM black hole

Este artículo investiga la dinámica de acreción esférica y de disco delgado alrededor de un agujero negro cargado inmerso en materia oscura de fluido perfecto, utilizando observaciones del EHT para restringir sus parámetros y demostrando que, aunque la temperatura local es menor que en un agujero negro de Schwarzschild, su eficiencia radiativa y luminosidad total son mayores.

Taiyang Zhang, Zhongyuan Qin, Qian Feng, Zheng-Wen LongWed, 11 Ma🔭 astro-ph