Using a Digital Twin for Fringe Projection Profilometry Optimisation

복잡한 물체, 예를 들어 자동차 부품이나 조각상과 같은 것을 특수 카메라와 프로젝터를 사용하여 완벽한 3D 사진으로 촬영한다고 상상해 보세요. 이 기술은 프린지 투영 프로파일로메트리 (FPP) 라고 불립니다. 프로젝터를 바코드와 같은 파동 무늬를 물체에 비추는 손전등처럼 생각하세요. 카메라는 물체의 울퉁불퉁함과 곡선 위에서 그 선들이 어떻게 굽고 왜곡되는지 관찰합니다. 컴퓨터는 이러한 굽힘을 수학적으로 분석하여 표면의 정밀한 3D 지도를 구축할 수 있습니다.

그러나 이 시스템을 완벽하게 작동하게 만드는 것은 까다롭습니다. 투사할 선의 수, 카메라와 프로젝터 사이의 거리, 그리고 이미지 처리 방법 등 많은 조절 장치를 조정해야 합니다. 현실 세계에서는 모든 가능한 조합을 테스트하는 것이 악몽과 같습니다. 이는 설탕, 밀가루, 또는 오븐 온도를 바꿀 때마다 새로운 케이크를 구워가며 완벽한 케이크 레시피를 찾으려 하는 것과 같습니다. 시간이 영원히 걸리고, 재료 비용이 천문학적으로 들며, 부엌을 태워버릴 수도 있습니다.

해결책: "디지털 트윈"

이 논문은 디지털 트윈이라는 교묘한 단축키를 소개합니다.

디지털 트윈을 실제 실험실의 초현실적인 비디오 게임 시뮬레이션으로 생각하세요. 연구원들은 영화와 애니메이션 제작에 주로 사용되는 무료 소프트웨어인 블렌더 (Blender) 를 사용하여 카메라, 프로젝터, 그리고 측정하려는 물체의 가상 복제본을 구축했습니다.

다음은 그들이 이를 작동시킨 단계별 과정입니다:

1. 유령 구축: 그들은 단순히 장비가 어떻게 생겼을지 추측하지 않았습니다. 실제 카메라와 프로젝터를 매우 정밀하게 측정한 후, 블렌더의 가상 장치가 정확히 동일한 방식으로 작동하도록 프로그래밍했습니다. 심지어 "감마 (이미지의 밝기 또는 어두움)"까지 일치시켜, 현실 세계에서 찍은 사진과 컴퓨터에서 생성된 사진이 동일하게 보이도록 했습니다.
2. 가상 놀이터: 가상 시스템이 실제 시스템의 완벽한 거울이 되면, "만약에" 게임을 시작할 수 있습니다. 가상 카메라를 프로젝터에 더 가까이 이동시키거나, 투사되는 선의 수를 변경하거나, 소프트웨어 알고리즘을 조정하는 것—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—all—al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