Patient-specific coupled CFD–DEM modelling of LDL-surrogate deposition in a middle cerebral artery bifurcation
This study presents a patient-specific, one-way coupled CFD–DEM framework to demonstrate that LDL-surrogate deposition in a middle cerebral artery bifurcation is governed by the combined influence of local geometry and hemodynamic conditions, revealing deposition asymmetries that surface-based hemodynamic descriptors alone cannot predict.