Miniaturized Laser Induced Graphene Antennas on Edible Substrates towards Ingestible Electronics
This study presents a proof-of-concept for a miniaturized, maskless Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) antenna fabricated directly on edible potato skin, which maintains functionality within the 5.8 GHz ISM band and exhibits predictable electromagnetic behavior in simulated gastric fluid, thereby establishing a scalable platform for non-invasive ingestible health monitoring and diagnostics.