📊 Category

epidemiology

286 papers

Time-Scale Target Parameters and Two-Step Estimation in Longitudinal Trials for Progressive Diseases

This paper introduces a class of time-scale target parameters to quantify treatment effects as time saved or percentage slowing of progression in longitudinal trials for progressive diseases, proposing a general two-step estimation framework implemented in the TCT R package that facilitates interpretation and evaluation of treatment efficacy, as demonstrated in an Alzheimer's disease clinical trial.

Stijven, F., Mallinckrodt, C. H., Molenberghs, G. + 3 more2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

Uptake and retention in HIV care among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV under different eras of vertical transmission prevention policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 82 studies across 17 sub-Saharan African countries demonstrates that the implementation of Option B+ policies significantly improved both HIV care uptake (by 8%) and retention rates (by 46%) among pregnant and postpartum women, although retention levels remain insufficient to meet UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.

Jinga, N. N., Hwang, C., Rossouw, L. + 8 more2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

Epidemiology of Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever in Barinas state, Venezuela

This study characterizes the epidemiology of Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever in western Venezuela, revealing that Guanarito virus causes a severe, seasonal disease with a high case fatality ratio (36.1%) predominantly affecting older men in agricultural occupations, distinguished by a unique clinical phenotype involving hemorrhage, sore throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Garcia, M.-M., Rodriguez, X., Lopez, S. J. + 15 more2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

The Impact of Education Level on the Risk of Heart Failure, Acute Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation - a Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study

In a Swedish nationwide cohort study of over 263,000 patients with atrial fibrillation, higher education levels were significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing heart failure and acute myocardial infarction over five years, while the protective effect against stroke was observed only in those with academic education.

Sztaniszlav, A., Bjorkenheim, A., Magnuson, A. + 2 more2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

Mediation effects of inflammation on the association of physical activity and chronic kidney disease: evidence from questionnaire and device-measured assessments

This large-scale prospective cohort study demonstrates that physical activity significantly reduces the risk of chronic kidney disease, with inflammation markers such as C-reactive protein and white blood cell count partially mediating this protective association, a finding supported by both questionnaire and device-measured data.

Zhang, X., Ping, Z.2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

Distinguishing Relapse from Reinfection in Recurrent Tuberculosis: A Genomic and Epidemiologic Study in Brazil

This genomic study in Brazil reveals that while reinfection is the primary driver of tuberculosis recurrence among patients who complete treatment—particularly those with a history of incarceration—relapse and persistent infection remain significant causes of recurrence following non-curative outcomes, highlighting the need for combined strategies to address both transmission risks and treatment adherence.

Santos, P. C. P. d., Goncalves, T. O., Cunha, E. A. T. + 6 more2026-04-08📊 epidemiology

Using an evolutionary epidemiological model of pandemics to estimate the infection fatality ratio for humans infected with avian influenza viruses

This paper employs an evolutionary epidemiological model to estimate that thousands of undetected human avian influenza infections occur annually with an infection fatality ratio of approximately 0.32%, highlighting the critical need to prevent animal-to-human spillovers to mitigate severe individual outcomes and delay future pandemics.

Mack, J., Li, M., Hurford, A.2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

Cardiometabolic health trajectories from birth to old age based on multi-decadal series of biochemistry and anthropometry

This longitudinal study of over 22,000 individuals across European cohorts reveals that metabolic health stratification begins in early childhood (ages 3–12) and persists into old age, with specific early-life trajectories of weight gain and inflammation predicting significantly elevated risks for diabetes and ischemic heart disease later in life.

Makinen, V.-P., Kahonen, M., Lehtimaki, T. + 9 more2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

Employment status, occupational profile, and common mental disorders among workers in urban informal settlements in Brazil

This cross-sectional study of 587 workers in Salvador, Brazil, reveals that precarious employment conditions, particularly informal work and job insecurity, are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of common mental disorders, with specific risk factors varying by employment type, gender, and income level.

Cavalcanti Prestes, J. F., Nunes, T. S., Souza, F. N. + 10 more2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

Physical activity and body mass index inequities among adult women in the United States: An application of intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (I-MAIHDA)

Using intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (I-MAIHDA) on 2015-2020 NHANES data, this study reveals that physical activity and body mass index inequities among US adult women are significantly shaped by the intersection of race/ethnicity, age, education, nativity, and work status, with specific subgroups such as Black and Asian women and those with lower educational attainment facing the greatest disparities.

Echeverria, S., Seo, Y., Borrell, L. N. + 5 more2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

An integrative study of risk assessment, mediation analysis, and causal inference for the relationship between metabolic syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy

This integrative study of 378,837 UK Biobank participants demonstrates that metabolic syndrome, particularly driven by central adiposity and hyperglycemia, causally increases the risk of dilated cardiomyopathy through inflammatory pathways, highlighting the potential for early metabolic intervention to prevent disease onset.

Qi, J., Zeng, P.2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

Renal Impairment and Parkinson's Disease in Cardiovascular Patients: Associations, Pre-diagnostic Trajectories, and Predictive Enhancement

In a cohort of 29,266 cardiovascular disease patients from the UK Biobank, impaired renal function was identified as an independent risk factor for Parkinson's disease and all-cause mortality, characterized by a progressive decline in eGFR beginning over 14 years prior to diagnosis that significantly enhances the predictive accuracy of existing risk models.

Qi, J., Zeng, P.2026-04-07📊 epidemiology

Paired wastewater and clinical genomics across metropolitan and hospital catchments reveals SARS-CoV-2 relevant mutations

By integrating wastewater and clinical genomics across metropolitan and hospital catchments in Valencia, this study demonstrates that while wastewater surveillance effectively tracks dominant SARS-CoV-2 lineages and can detect emerging mutations like S:V445P missed by clinical sampling, its ability to capture fine-scale diversity and hospitalization-linked mutations varies by location, necessitating integration with large-scale clinical GWAS and interaction networks to prioritize evolutionarily significant variants.

Ruiz-Rodriguez, P., Sanz-Carbonell, A., Perez-Cataluna, A. + 9 more2026-04-06📊 epidemiology

Mapping high rate clusters of animal contact related human Salmonella enterica single state outbreaks in the United States, 2009 to 2022. A spatial epidemiological approach to inform public health surveillance

This study utilizes a spatial epidemiological approach to analyze 104 animal contact-related *Salmonella* outbreaks in the U.S. from 2009 to 2022, identifying significant high-risk clusters in the Mountain West, Midwest, and Northeast to guide targeted public health interventions.

Bajwa, H. U. R., Bhowmick, S., Varga, C.2026-04-06📊 epidemiology

Epidemiologic Moderators of the Effectiveness of Routine Screening for LAIs in High-Biosafety Environments

This study utilizes stochastic network modeling to demonstrate that the effectiveness of routine screening and isolation for preventing lab-acquired infections of potential pandemic pathogens is significantly moderated by epidemiological factors, particularly showing that testing yields greater risk reduction for pathogens with high asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic transmission rates.

Cohen, B., Hanage, W., Menzies, N. A. + 1 more2026-04-06📊 epidemiology