How Much of a 10-K Matters? Aggregation-Dependent Value of Full-Text versus Risk-Factor Sentiment
This paper demonstrates that while full-text 10-K filings yield superior sentiment metrics for sector and portfolio-level predictions of returns and volatility, the narrower Item 1A risk-factor sections outperform at the individual firm level due to the interplay between document volume and available training signal, thereby establishing a supervised lexicon-learning approach as more effective than traditional dictionaries for regulatory disclosure analysis.