Dose-dependent effects of ethyl methanesulfonate and ethidium bromide on growth, physiological traits and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
This study demonstrates that low concentrations of the chemical mutagens ethyl methanesulfonate (20–25 mM) and ethidium bromide (0.05–0.10 mM) significantly enhance growth, physiological efficiency, and yield in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) by inducing beneficial genetic variability, whereas higher concentrations exert detrimental inhibitory effects.