💻 computer science

A Survey on Poisoning Attacks, Defenses, andProvable Defense in the Era of LLMs

This survey systematically reviews poisoning attacks and defenses in the era of Large Language Models by proposing a comprehensive taxonomy that categorizes threats into weight and context poisoning, analyzing representative techniques and defense strategies, and outlining future research directions for securing compound AI systems.

Yuni Lai, Xinqi Lyu, Dong Wang, Yihao Liu, Kai Zhou, Bin Xiao2026-06-26
💻 computer science

FedDAAW: Dynamic Client Selection and Accuracy- Adaptive Aggregation for Cross-Task Federated Learning under Heterogeneity

FedDAAW is a lightweight, privacy-preserving framework for heterogeneous federated learning that employs dynamic client selection and accuracy-adaptive aggregation to significantly improve convergence efficiency and performance across diverse tasks (classification, sentiment analysis, and regression) under non-IID settings without requiring gradient sharing or auxiliary data.

Jianqing Tang2026-06-26
💻 computer science

CTC: The Composite Task Challenge for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

This paper introduces the Composite Tasks Challenge (CTC), a new benchmark suite designed to rigorously evaluate division of labor and cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning, revealing that current state-of-the-art methods fail to solve these tasks while demonstrating that a solvable yet challenging testbed is essential for advancing the field.

Yurui Li, Yuxuan Chen, Xiaoli Yang, Shijian Li, Gang Pan2026-06-25
💻 computer science

Validating Large Language Model Extraction of Actuarial Variables from Unstructured Claims Documents

This study evaluates a large language model pipeline for extracting 14 actuarial variables from workers' compensation claims, revealing moderate overall agreement with human reviewers (quadratic weighted kappa of 0.53) and significant variability across dimensions, which underscores the need for calibration and phased deployment before formal validation.

Robert Lieberthal, Vietbao Phan, Jawand Singh, Elizabeth Sottung, Richard Tran2026-06-25
💻 computer science

Contrast-Induced Class Overlap as a Fairness Bottleneck in Dermatological AI: Evidence from HAM10000

This study identifies that lower lesion-background contrast on darker skin creates a structural class overlap causing AI dermatological models to systematically over-predict malignancy and generate excess referrals for darker-skinned patients, a fairness bottleneck that persists even after correcting for confounding class distributions and is best mitigated by per-tone class balancing rather than tone conditioning.

Aaron Ajit2026-06-25