IBMS-Framework: An Integrated Bio-Mediated Soil Stabilization Approach Combining EICP and Xanthan Biopolymer for Fine-Grained and Tropical Soils — Addressing Scalability, Ammonium Toxicity, and Durability Gaps
This paper presents the IBMS-Framework, a novel sequential dual-agent strategy combining enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) with xanthan gum biopolymer that effectively stabilizes fine-grained and tropical soils while eliminating ammonium toxicity, reducing CO2 emissions by 90% compared to cement, and demonstrating scalability through successful field mesocosm trials.