Biotic Constraints and Hydroperiod Drivers of Mangrove–Saltmarsh Zonation in a Microtidal Estuary
This study demonstrates that while hydroperiod and microtopography are primary drivers of mangrove–saltmarsh zonation in a microtidal estuary, strong competitive exclusion between *Avicennia marina* and saltmarsh species further constrains their distribution, suggesting that biotic interactions play a critical role in shaping future coastal wetland transitions under sea-level rise.