Zero-waste City Policy and the Short-Lived Efficiency Window in Urban Green Innovation: Evidence from China’s Staggered Pilot
Using a doubly robust difference-in-differences approach on Chinese prefecture-level data, this study finds that while China's Zero-waste City Pilot yields lasting improvements in industrial waste utilization, its positive impact on urban green innovation efficiency is short-lived, peaking only in the policy launch year and driven primarily by industrial restructuring.