Institutionalized R&D, Patent Output and the Domestic Core–Periphery of Innovation: Evidence from Türkiye’s NUTS-2 Regions
This study analyzes Türkiye's NUTS-2 regions to demonstrate that the conversion of institutionalized R&D capacity into patent output is highly concentrated in a domestic innovation core, driven by cumulative interactions between regional welfare, absorptive capacity, and technology specialization rather than by isolated inputs.