Evaluating trade-offs of net private and net social benefit – an integrated assessment framework for biomass utilization pathways
This study proposes an integrated assessment framework combining techno-economic analysis, life cycle assessment, and externality monetization to evaluate the trade-offs between net private and net social benefits across diverse biomass utilization pathways, demonstrating through a German miscanthus case study that while bioenergy and biochar carbon removal differ in financial viability, both can generate positive societal value.