Dining Opportunities in Transition: Restaurant Spending-Tier Recomposition in Beijing, 2019-2025
This study analyzes Dianping data from Beijing's central districts between 2019 and 2025 to reveal that while aggregate restaurant spending has shifted toward lower tiers due to cautious consumption, local dining opportunities have evolved through gradual structural continuity and middle-tier recomposition rather than direct substitution, with distinct spatial patterns emerging between everyday low-tier provision and high-tier experiential nodes.