Ecological Compensation, Long-Term Mechanisms, and Industrial Structure Upgrading:Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in National Key Ecological Function Zones
Using a difference-in-differences approach on Chinese county-level data from 2000 to 2019, this study demonstrates that ecological compensation policies within National Key Ecological Function Zones significantly boost per capita GDP and employment while promoting industrial upgrading through mechanisms like marketization and alternative industry development, though their impact on foreign investment and tertiary sector growth remains limited.