📄 Category

medicine

4814 papers

📄 medicine

The Paradox of Medicalization in the Dominican Republic: High Rates of Cesarean Section, Ethnic Inequity and Maternal/Neonatal Mortality in a Context of Low Public Expenditure (2020–2024)

This study reveals that in the Dominican Republic, high cesarean section rates coexist with low public health spending and poor maternal outcomes, while Haitian women face significantly lower access to these interventions compared to Dominican women, highlighting a paradox of overmedicalization driven by ethnic inequity and structural underinvestment.

Elena Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Raul Castaneda-Vozmediano, Ruth Gil-Prieto2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Smoking status stratifies Th 1 /Th 2 phenotypes in pre-COPD high-risk individuals: quantile-specific blood biomarkers for primary care

This study demonstrates that smoking status stratifies distinct Th1/Th2 immune phenotypes in pre-COPD high-risk individuals, revealing quantile-specific blood biomarkers that detect early immune dysregulation missed by conventional methods and could serve as cost-effective screening tools in primary care.

Xiaohua Zhang, Juan Xie, Shuang Yang, Biying Wu, Jindong Shi, Xiaoying Hu2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Development and Clinical Validation of an Enhanced Deep Learning Model for Automated Segmentation and Implant Planning in Maxillary Edentulous Regions Using CBCT Images

This study developed and clinically validated a deep learning framework, specifically a Swin-UNETR model, which achieves high-accuracy automated segmentation of maxillary edentulous regions in CBCT images, significantly reducing implant planning time and improving reproducibility compared to conventional workflows.

Mehdi Abrishami, Hasan Momeni, Mehdi Rahmani, Elham Sheykhi Some2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Enrolling and retaining a representative population in the NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER)-Adult Cohort

Although the NIH RECOVER-Adult cohort successfully enrolled a large and diverse population through targeted community outreach, the study found that retaining sociodemographically representative participants, particularly those from minoritized and vulnerable groups, proved more challenging than initial enrollment, underscoring the need for innovative retention strategies in post-pandemic research.

Jasmine Berry, Jennifer C. Gander, Jun Lu, Franchesca Amor A. Aguilar, Larissa Teunis, A. Blythe Ryerson, Sarah de Ramir (…)2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Heated Tobacco Products cause Pulmonary Injury and Inflammation: Rapid Elevation of Extracellular Vesicles Expressing ACE, C3, P4HB and CC16 in Healthy Young Individuals

This randomized crossover study demonstrates that acute inhalation of heated tobacco products by healthy young individuals rapidly elevates circulating extracellular vesicles expressing biomarkers associated with pulmonary injury, cellular stress, and inflammation, suggesting these products may impair lung health and trigger pro-thrombotic cascades.

Georgy Melnikov, Gustaf Lyytinen, Anders Blomberg, Jenny Bosson, Linnea Hedman, Fariborz Mobarrez, Magnus Lundbäck, Luka (…)2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Prevalence of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and the Diagnostic Value of the Coronary Calcium Score and Echocardiographic Parameters: A Cohort Study at a Referral Center in the Ecuadorian Andean Highlands

This retrospective cohort study of 390 patients with severe aortic stenosis in the Ecuadorian Andean Highlands found a 12.1% prevalence of significant coronary artery disease, identifying the coronary calcium score as the most effective noninvasive diagnostic tool and the low-flow/low-gradient echocardiographic pattern as the strongest phenotypic predictor, while noting that the local prevalence is lower than in European and North American registries.

Jonathan David Melena Zapata, María Belén Mena Ayala, María Sol Calero Revelo, Gabriela Carolina Santamaría Naranjo, Lau (…)2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Developing and Validating a Tool to Assess Orthodontists' Awareness and Clinical Use of Maxillary Molar Distalization

This study developed and validated a 15-item electronic questionnaire to assess orthodontists' awareness and clinical practices regarding maxillary molar distalization, revealing that most practitioners utilize the technique primarily for Class II malocclusions with a preference for skeletally anchored devices while emphasizing the critical role of three-dimensional imaging to prevent bone damage.

Mostafa Sofar, Mushriq Abid, Kerolos AlHakeem, David Bearn2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Prophylactic Post-Lung Transplant Bacteriophage Therapy against XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis: a case report

This case report describes the first use of personalized prophylactic bacteriophage therapy to successfully suppress extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cystic fibrosis patient following lung retransplantation, although the patient ultimately died from unrelated multiorgan failure.

Jules Milesi, Sophie Alexandra Baron, Carole Eldin, Fanny Mathias, Florence Peyron, Katlyn Jumel, Alexandre Bleibtreu, G (…)2026-07-06
📄 medicine

Occupational exposure limit compliance may underestimate health risks in silica dust exposed workplaces

This study of workplaces in Chongqing, China, reveals that relying solely on occupational exposure limit compliance significantly underestimates health risks from silica dust, as nearly 40% of compliant positions were still classified as high or very high risk by semi-quantitative assessment, suggesting that combining both methods is essential for effective silicosis prevention.

Maojia Wang, Heng Diao, Junyi Wang, Yuhong Lei, Hong Yao2026-07-06