medicine papers | Gist.Science

Pulmonary tuberculosis among persons deprived of liberty in Pernambuco, Brazil: a retrospective case series study

This retrospective case series study characterizes the epidemiological and clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among incarcerated individuals in Pernambuco, Brazil, revealing a high burden of disease among young men with significant social vulnerabilities and highlighting the critical need for enhanced entry screening and ongoing surveillance due to the detection of over one-third of cases within the first month of imprisonment.

Danniely Carolinne Soares da Silva, Josefa Nayara dos Santos Nascimento, Mariana Alves Nogueira Souza, Erick Barreto Por (…)2026-07-06

📄 medicine

Enema-induced rectal injury presenting as upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a case report

This case report describes a rare instance where improper administration of a glycerin enema by family members caused a rectal mucosal injury that presented deceptively as upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a postoperative craniotomy patient, ultimately diagnosed and treated via endoscopy.

menglin hua, sa wang, danping yan, yuwei wang2026-07-06

📄 medicine

Septal Radiofrequency Ablation for Sigmoid Ventricular Septum-Related Dynamic Obstruction: First Mechanistic Evidence of Left Bundle Branch Block as a Therapeutic Collaborator

This case report provides the first mechanistic evidence that radiofrequency ablation-induced complete left bundle branch block can serve as a therapeutic collaborator by altering septal contraction patterns to resolve dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction caused by a sigmoid ventricular septum.

Shen Huang, Kun Feng, Xiuyu Wang, Jiafa Jin2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Maternal Risk Factors and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes of Different Small Vulnerable Newborn (SVN) Phenotypes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 998 Cases

This retrospective cohort study of 998 high-risk neonates demonstrates that distinct Small Vulnerable Newborn (SVN) phenotypes are driven by unique maternal risk pathways—such as inflammation for preterm/low birth weight infants and placental ischemia for the "Three-in-One" phenotype—and are associated with varying postnatal respiratory outcomes, supporting the need for phenotype-based risk stratification.

Zilong Feng, Xiaohui Cao, Min Jiang, Xiaopei Zhou, Shanyu Jiang, Hengchao Ruan, Xiaokang Deng2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Poor Agreement Between Bioreactance and Echocardiographic Assessment of Fluid Responsiveness During Passive Leg Raising in Patients With Shock: A Prospective Study

This prospective study of 30 critically ill patients with shock found that bioreactance-based monitoring demonstrates poor agreement with transthoracic echocardiography in assessing fluid responsiveness during passive leg raising, indicating that the two methods are not interchangeable for this clinical purpose.

Antonious Anis, Juliann Shih, Vidhani Goel², Kavita Batra, Irene Huang⁴, Mutsumi J. Kioka2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Comparing the Accuracy of Toric Intraocular Lens Calculations Between the IOLMaster 700 and iTrace

In a prospective study of 217 eyes, the IOLMaster 700 demonstrated slightly superior accuracy compared to the iTrace in predicting postoperative astigmatism following toric intraocular lens implantation, particularly in the against-the-rule subgroup.

Andi Superceanu, Matt Holzer, Christoph Richard, Hermina Strungaru2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Associations of C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index and Cholesterol- high-density lipoprotein-glucose index with heart disease risk in individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0-3: a cohort study from CHARLS

This cohort study of 6,740 individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages 0–3 demonstrates that both the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose index (CTI) and the cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein-glucose index (CHG) are independently associated with incident heart disease, with CTI exhibiting slightly superior predictive performance, particularly in the early follow-up period.

Qichao Dong, Meiling Jiang, Xinyi Zheng, Zewen Yang, XinLei Wu, Hong Yu2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Nail Biting in Children With ADHD: Exploring Its Clinical Correlates, Psychiatric Comorbidities and Association With Other Body-focused Repetitive Behaviors

This retrospective study of 250 children with ADHD reveals that those who engage in nail-biting exhibit a distinct clinical profile characterized by higher rates of co-occurring body-focused repetitive behaviors and anxiety disorders, as well as reduced verbal cognitive abilities, compared to their non-nail-biting peers.

Huriye Berna Devecioğlu, Makbule Esen Öksüzoğlu2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Maternal obesity and offspring adiposity trajectories during early childhood: a longitudinal study from the PONCH cohort

This longitudinal study of the PONCH cohort reveals that children born to mothers with obesity exhibit progressively higher adiposity throughout preschool age compared to those born to mothers with normal weight or gestational diabetes, suggesting maternal obesity is a more sustained determinant of early childhood adiposity development than gestational diabetes.

Sebastian Åberg, Ulrika Andersson-Hall, Emilia Kristiansson, Agneta Holmäng2026-07-05

📄 medicine

Budget impact analysis of Gastric Alimetry® in patients with chronic gastric symptoms in the United Kingdom National Health Service

A budget impact analysis suggests that integrating the non-invasive Gastric Alimetry® system into the UK NHS for diagnosing and managing chronic gastric symptoms could generate nearly £50 million in net cost savings over 5.4 years by significantly reducing hospital admissions, emergency visits, and other healthcare resource utilization compared to the current standard of care.

Mikaela Law, Eva Fuchs, Natalia Zarate-Lopez, Charlotte Daker, Asma Fikree, Christopher N. Andrews2026-07-05

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