1823 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
This study demonstrates that while serotonin 2A receptors in cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons are necessary and sufficient for psilocybin-induced neuroplasticity, they are dispensable for the drug's hallucinogenic effects, thereby dissociating these two distinct outcomes.
This study is the first to demonstrate that HIV-exposed but uninfected adolescents exhibit subtle structural and functional connectivity alterations in the central auditory system, particularly within the inferior colliculus and its cortical connections, without yet showing measurable associations with neurocognitive deficits.
The paper introduces Incremental Cluster TFCE (IC-TFCE), an optimized algorithm that achieves numerically equivalent results to standard Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement with a 3–93x speedup by incrementally building clusters and utilizing ROI-based storage, thereby making TFCE computationally feasible for large-scale functional connectivity analyses with fine parcellations.
Although a phenotypic screen in mouse cells identified two small molecules that selectively lower PrP via a proteasome-dependent post-translational mechanism, their failure to reduce PrP in human cell lines and in vivo highlights the significant translational challenges of mechanism-agnostic screening for prion disease therapeutics.
This study demonstrates that the human brain rapidly and implicitly distinguishes AI-generated voices from human voices within approximately 134–176 milliseconds based on spectral envelope features, a process that occurs substantially earlier than the neural decoding of prosodic meaning, suggesting that listeners' reliance on prosodic cues for deepfake detection is likely a post-hoc rationalization rather than the primary neural mechanism.
This study demonstrates that the intrinsic timescale of neural dynamics follows a hierarchical sensorimotor-to-association cortical maturation pattern during youth (ages 8–22) before stabilizing in adulthood, establishing it as a principled marker of hierarchical brain development.
This study demonstrates that during active visual search, foveal and peripheral attention operate in a complementary manner, with foveal feature-based attentional enhancements playing a critical and previously underappreciated role in sustaining target fixations and shaping global attention allocation.
This study demonstrates that while the loss of FMRP reduces the levels of stalled ribosomes on specific mRNAs and impairs the reactivation of neuronal RNA granules containing stalled ribosomes, it does not determine the specific sites where ribosomes stall or alter ribosome structure.
This study identifies a novel, sexually dimorphic population of intrinsic CRF-expressing neurons in the mouse lateral habenula that modulate threat-induced defensive strategies through distinct cellular and synaptic mechanisms in males and females.
This paper identifies significant inaccuracies in the existing spatial coordinates of the Allen Human Brain Atlas, provides a refined coordinate set to correct these errors, and demonstrates that using the inaccurate coordinates can lead to drastically different and potentially compromised gene expression findings in neuroimaging studies.