1541 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
This study demonstrates that in infants at high familial likelihood for autism, greater trial-to-trial variability in early visual cortical response timing, rather than average response latency, serves as a robust neural predictor of higher cognitive and language skills at 24 months, suggesting that such variability reflects adaptive sensory circuit flexibility.
This study demonstrates that exposing high school students to a brief, novel neuroscience lesson immediately before cognitive tasks significantly enhances both memory retrieval and divergent thinking in a real-world classroom setting, though the underlying mechanisms for these improvements appear to be partially distinct.
This study demonstrates that the cholecystokinin-like neuropeptide NLP-12, secreted by DVA interneurons and acting through the CKR-1 receptor, is essential for preserving sensory dendritic structure and neuronal healthspan in aging *C. elegans*, a mechanism that is evolutionarily conserved with human cholecystokinin.
This study demonstrates that the brain resolves the paradox of whether expectations enhance or suppress perception by temporally separating these processes, initially pre-activating expected outcomes to improve accuracy and subsequently prioritizing unexpected inputs to facilitate learning.
This study introduces a low-cost, computer-generated rotating tilted lines illusion (RTLI) as a novel, accessible method for quantitatively estimating population receptive fields, demonstrating its consistency with fMRI and electrophysiology while offering potential for screening cognitive abnormalities in conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
This study establishes the first comprehensive genetic maps of human cortical sulcal complexity by analyzing rare variants in neurogenetic syndromes and common variants in a large UK Biobank cohort, thereby revealing shared genetic mechanisms, heritability patterns, and prenatal gene expression links that illuminate the developmental pathways of cortical folding in both health and disease.
This systematic review of 37 EEG studies establishes that auditory rise time prolongation generally reduces the amplitude and increases the latency of event-related potential components, while highlighting how these neural markers vary based on stimulus characteristics, participant age, and clinical status.
This study introduces a novel two-stage Pavlovian-instrumental transfer paradigm that demonstrates single-lever PIT is primarily driven by flexible, model-based learning mechanisms rather than automatic model-free processes, and reveals that these cognitive strategies are selectively impaired by mind wandering.
This study demonstrates that BOLD-induced linewidth changes cause a significant (~1%) overestimation of metabolic changes in functional MRS at both 3T and 7T, but shows that this bias can be effectively reduced to below 0.2% by implementing explicit BOLD lineshape correction or direct modeling in the analysis pipeline.
This study demonstrates that while optogenetic stimulation of retinal ganglion cells produces encoding differences compared to natural photoreceptor activation, applying specific image modifications such as thresholding, scaling, and spatial filtering can effectively restore more natural-like neural responses to support future therapeutic applications for blindness.