1829 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
This study demonstrates that probability learning in dynamic environments relies on the computationally rational integration of distinct uncertainty factors, where phasic and tonic pupil dilations respectively track change point probability and prior uncertainty to modulate learning rates.
Using two-photon calcium imaging in mice during trace-eyeblink conditioning, this study reveals that hippocampal time cells form a fixed sequence triggered by the conditioned stimulus that persists for over five seconds and is actively suppressed during extinction, rather than remapping or rescaling to accommodate different trace intervals.
This study reveals that in *Drosophila*, the transcription factor Hunchback drives cell body clustering of Moonwalker Descending Neurons via the Lar adhesion pathway, which is essential for enabling gap junction-mediated synchronous firing required to initiate backward locomotion.
By applying a novel Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) model combined with transformer-based simulation inference to over 5,000 children, this study reveals that ADHD traits arise from diverse computational mechanisms—such as noisy perception and reduced error penalties—rather than forming a distinct disorder cluster, thereby supporting a dimensional perspective on neurodiversity.
This study demonstrates that while primary sensory cortex encodes current stimuli independently of history, frontal cortex integrates prior context with current input through collinear coding by fast-spiking neurons to drive history-dependent perceptual decisions.
The paper introduces Crop-OCT, an automated, end-to-end imageomics pipeline that successfully extracts and analyzes millions of features from over 20,000 OCT images across 13 murine retinopathy models to enable precise monitoring of disease progression, aging, and regional ocular heterogeneity.
This study utilizes a newly generated *bero-GAL4* driver and single-cell RNA sequencing data to reveal that the GPI-anchored protein Belly roll is expressed in diverse peptidergic neurons across the central and peripheral nervous systems of *Drosophila melanogaster* larvae, suggesting a novel role in coordinating hormonal and neural regulation.
This study demonstrates that in the zebrafish retina, region-specific expression of RA-degrading enzymes (Cyp26) in Müller glia creates local retinoic acid gradients that non-autonomously regulate the elongation of UV cone outer segments, thereby enabling the functional specialization required for high-acuity vision.
This study utilizes retrograde and anterograde tracing in mice to map the postnatal development of somatosensory corticospinal projections to the lumbar spinal cord, revealing a three-phase process of initial arrival, rapid grey matter ingrowth, and subsequent laminar refinement that establishes adult-like connectivity by postnatal day 17.
This study demonstrates that pre-injury subchronic stress induces sex-specific outcomes in osteoarthritic mice, conferring a resilient phenotype with reduced pain and anxiety in males while exacerbating symptoms in females, likely through distinct molecular and neurobiological mechanisms.