🧠 Category

neuroscience

1829 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Neural Control of Autonomic Arousal During Threat Anticipation Revealed by High-Resolution Cardiac Contractility

This study demonstrates that high-resolution cardiac contractility, measured via trans-radial electrical bioimpedance velocimetry (TREV), serves as a superior physiological marker for linking sympathetic nervous system activity to neural modulation in specific brain regions, emotional intensity, and adaptive motor responses during threat anticipation compared to traditional skin conductance measures.

Stasiak, J. E., Wang, J., Dundon, N. M., Rizor, E. J., Barandon, P. L., Villanueva, C. M., Babenko, V., Li, T. L., Sabug (…)2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

Baseline cognitive abilities shape the effects of tDCS, tACS, and otDCS on object-location memory

In a sham-controlled study of 42 participants, theta-otDCS over the left posterior parietal cortex selectively improved object-location memory, with the magnitude of these effects varying significantly based on individual cognitive profiles through both magnification (benefiting faster processors) and compensation (benefiting those with lower mnemonic binding or reasoning abilities) mechanisms.

Bjekic, J., Zivanovic, M., Miniussi, C., Filipovic, S.2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

Optimizing the multivariate temporal response function(mTRF) framework for better identification of neural responses to partially dependent speech variables

This paper proposes and validates an optimized multivariate temporal response function (mTRF) framework that integrates cyclic permutation, improved artifact rejection, and drift mitigation to effectively isolate distinct neural responses to partially dependent acoustic and phonetic speech features in EEG data.

Dapper, K., Hollywood, S., Dool, T., Butler, B., Joanisse, M.2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

VECTR-Clasp: An open machine-learning and vector-based framework for objective quantification of motor dysfunction during hind-limb clasping in Cdkl5-deficient mice

This paper introduces VECTR-Clasp, an open-source, machine-learning framework that integrates DeepLabCut and SimBA to transform traditional categorical hind-limb clasping assessments into continuous, vector-based kinematic analyses, thereby revealing subtle motor microphenotypes in Cdkl5-deficient mice that are undetectable by standard scoring methods.

Higgins, J., Egan, S., Harrison, K., El-Mansoury, B., Henshall, D. C., Mamad, O.2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

Inter- and intra-individual variability in structure-function coupling in human brain

This study reveals that while alpha power correlates positively with microstructural features like myelin and iron across brain regions, it correlates negatively with these same features across individuals, suggesting that excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms drive intra- versus inter-individual variability in brain function, respectively.

Studenova, A. A., Stroeckens, F., Edwards, L. J., Stroh, A.-L., Helbling, S., Maess, B., Pine, K. J., Cam-CAN,, Amunts (…)2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

A reparative neutrophil subpopulation promotes spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish by controlling macrophage inflammation via Il-4

This study demonstrates that a specific subpopulation of neutrophils expressing Il-4 promotes spinal cord regeneration in larval zebrafish by suppressing Il-1{beta}-mediated inflammation in macrophages and microglia, thereby ensuring successful anatomical and functional recovery.

Tian, X., Docampo-Seara, A., Heilemann, K., Kessel, F., Zöller, D., Bretschneider, A., Becker, T., Becker, C. G.2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

Closed-loop error damping in human BCI using pre-error motor cortex activity

This study demonstrates that detecting a pre-error neural signal in the motor cortex allows for real-time, closed-loop error damping in intracortical brain-computer interfaces, significantly improving cursor control performance and robustness across complex tasks for individuals with spinal cord injuries without requiring additional user action.

Gontier, C., Hockeimer, W., Kunigk, N. G., Canario, E., Endsley, L. J., Downey, J. E., Weiss, J. M., Dekleva, B., Collin (…)2026-02-26
🧠 neuroscience

Dysfunctional synaptic competition at dendritic spines in Fragile X syndrome

This study reveals that in Fragile X syndrome, the loss of competition for newly synthesized proteins among dendritic spines allows multiple synapses to simultaneously undergo structural shrinkage during long-term depression, suggesting that the disorder's hallmark excessive synaptic depression stems from a failure to limit plasticity to a single input rather than from exaggerated depression at individual synapses.

Ramiro Cortes, Y., Panzarino, A. M., Royo, M., Shionoya, K., Israely, I.2026-02-26