neuroscience papers | Gist.Science

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Time-Varying Dynamic Causal Modelling for Sequential Responses: Neural Mechanisms of Slow Cortical Potentials, Preparation, Planning and Beyond

This paper introduces DCM-SR, a novel generative framework that overcomes the limitations of conventional Dynamic Causal Modelling by enabling continuous, time-varying parameter estimation without data segmentation, thereby allowing for the principled decomposition of slow cortical potentials and the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying sequential cognitive processes like preparation and motor inhibition.

Levy, A. D., Zeidman, P. D., Friston, K.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Physiological, Histological, and Cognitive Characterization of a Macaque Model of Presbycusis

This study characterizes a rhesus macaque model of age-related hearing loss by demonstrating that progressive cochlear degeneration and auditory deficits correlate with subtle impairments in visual working memory, thereby establishing a translational platform to investigate the sensory-cognitive link in aging.

Kulkarni, S. S., Conner, A. N., Rausis, O., Pitchford, D., Wang, Z., Batchu, A., Liberman, L., Liberman, M. C., Constant (…)2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Motor Cortical Computations Underlying Natural Dexterous Movement in Freely Flying Bats

By combining large-scale wireless neural recordings with 3D kinematic tracking in freely flying bats, this study reveals that the motor cortex operates in a high-dimensional, sparse computational regime driven by individual wingbeat adjustments rather than global cycles, challenging prevailing views on motor control during complex natural behaviors.

Styr, B., Qi, K., Chen, X., Liberti, W., Yartsev, M.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

3D Histology Validates 2D Histology for Axon Radius Distributions and Conduction Velocities

This study validates that despite individual axon radius variations revealed by 3D histology, 2D cross-sections accurately represent ensemble radius distributions and conduction velocity predictions, thereby confirming the reliability of decades of 2D-based research and guiding future sample size requirements for neuroscience applications.

Mordhorst, L., Weiskopf, N., Morawski, M., Mohammadi, S.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Cross-disease genetic and epigenetic architecture of the MOBP locus shows convergence in ALS-PSP

This study reveals that genetic risk variants at the MOBP locus converge on altered DNA methylation and expression in ALS and PSP through shared mechanisms, while demonstrating disease-specific epigenetic dysregulation patterns across other neurodegenerative disorders.

Fodder, K., Murthy, M., de Silva, R., Raj, T., Farrell, K., Humphrey, J., Bettencourt, C.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Glial cell and perineuronal net interactions in the dorsal striatum of aged mice

This study investigates the cellular sources of phagocytic activity and its spatial relationship with perineuronal net integrity in the dorsal striatum of aged mice, aiming to explain how these structures remain preserved despite an age-associated pro-inflammatory environment characterized by microgliosis and elevated phagocytic markers.

Colon, Z. A., Gamboa, A., Litwiler, S., Maguire-Zeiss, K. A.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Iron toxicity potentiates cell-type specific amyloid beta proteotoxicity in C. elegans via altered energy homeostasis

This study demonstrates in *C. elegans* that iron overload potentiates cell-type specific amyloid beta-42 toxicity, particularly at low temperatures, by exacerbating mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and altering essential metal homeostasis.

Peng, W., Chung, K. B., Al-Qazzaz, A., Straut, A., O'Banion, M. K., Lawrence, B. P., Dirksen, R. T., Onukwufor, J.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

'RMT-Finder': an automated procedure to determine the Resting Motor Threshold for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

The paper introduces "RMT-Finder," a novel automated, closed-loop algorithm that determines the Resting Motor Threshold for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in under three minutes with high reliability and equivalence to manual methods, thereby enhancing standardization and efficiency for both research and clinical applications.

Boidequin, L. F., Moreno-Verdu, M., Waltzing, B. M., Lambert, J. J., Van Caenegem, E. E., Truong, C., Hardwick, R. M.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Cognition emerges from phase dynamics of intrinsic coordination

This paper proposes the intrinsic network flow (INF) framework, demonstrating that flexible cognition emerges from the temporal phase alignment of a stable, universal brain architecture rather than requiring structural reconfiguration, thereby reframing task-evoked activity as constructive and destructive interference of intrinsic flows.

Song, Y., Chen, J., Calhoun, V. D., Iraji, A.2026-03-27

🧠 neuroscience

Psilocybin Attenuates Cortical Representations of Aversion in the Mouse Auditory Cortex

Using longitudinal two-photon calcium imaging in awake mice, this study demonstrates that psilocybin selectively attenuates cortical representations of well-consolidated aversive stimuli and their associated cues in the auditory cortex, without disrupting new aversive learning or reward processing.

Johnson, J. D., Li, Z., Tian, R., Etemadi, Y.2026-03-27

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