🧠 Category

neuroscience

1305 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Spectral and non-spectral EEG measures in the prediction of working memory task performance and psychopathology

This study demonstrates that incorporating non-spectral EEG features across specific working memory paradigms enhances the prediction of working memory capacity and reaction time variability in a validation dataset, whereas models for psychopathology and task accuracy failed to generalize, highlighting the functional heterogeneity of working memory tasks and the necessity of rigorous validation in brain-behavior research.

Peck, F. C., Walsh, C. R., Truong, H., Pochon, J.-B., Enriquez, K., Bearden, C. E., Loo, S., Bilder, R., Lenartowicz, A. (…)2026-03-26
🧠 neuroscience

Cortical consequences of comorbidity: distinct effects of hearing loss and the 22q11.2 deletion on temporal processing in the auditory cortex

This study demonstrates that while both hearing loss and the 22q11.2 deletion impair auditory cortical temporal acuity in mice, they exert distinct mechanisms: hearing loss broadly disrupts neural population activity, whereas the genetic deletion selectively impairs regular-spiking excitatory neurons while sparing fast-spiking inhibitory neurons.

Lu, C., Linden, J. F.2026-03-26
🧠 neuroscience

Spatiotemporal dynamics and substates underlie emotional signalling in facial movements

This paper utilizes a data-driven pipeline to identify that a low-dimensional spatiotemporal structure, composed of specific patterns and transient substates, reliably encodes and predicts emotional intent in both non-verbal expressions and emotive speech, offering a framework for understanding dynamic social cues and designing expressive social agents.

Cuve, H. C. J., Sowden-Carvalho, S., Cook, J. L.2026-03-25
🧠 neuroscience

Cell-type-specific synaptic scaling mechanisms differentially contribute to associative learning

This study uses computational modeling to demonstrate that cell-type-specific synaptic scaling mechanisms, particularly the synergistic interaction between excitatory and parvalbumin-mediated inhibitory scaling versus the antagonistic somatostatin-mediated scaling, orchestrate the transition of associative memories from generalized to precise representations.

Veneto, F., Kepce, A., Wu, Y. K., Gjorgjieva, J.2026-03-25
🧠 neuroscience

Cortical tracking of natural speech by children with developmental language disorder (DLD): An EEG speech decoding investigation

This EEG study reveals that while children with developmental language disorder (DLD) exhibit globally intact low-frequency cortical speech tracking, they display a specific impairment in delta-band tracking within the right temporal cortex, suggesting that such deficits are spatially constrained to the right hemisphere rather than being a global phenomenon as seen in developmental dyslexia.

Keshavarzi, M., Richards, S., Feltham, G., Parvez, L., Goswami, U.2026-03-25
🧠 neuroscience

Psilocybin Prolongs the Neurovascular Coupling Response in Mouse Visual Cortex

This study demonstrates that psilocybin prolongs stimulus-evoked capillary and surface vessel blood flow in the mouse visual cortex without altering neural activity, suggesting that such neurovascular coupling changes may confound the interpretation of functional connectivity in human neuroimaging studies of psychedelics.

Zirkel, R. T., Isaacson, M., Liao, C., Yi, M., Yamaguchi, K., Rivera, D., Kuceyeski, A., Nishimura, N., Kwan, A. C., Sch (…)2026-03-25
🧠 neuroscience

Comparative multivariate decoding adjudicates theories of semantic representation in the anterior temporal lobes and the rest of the cortex

Using 7T-fMRI and a novel comparative multivariate decoding framework, this study demonstrates that the anterior temporal lobes and posterior cortical regions represent domain-general semantic information through an anatomically clustered, multidimensional vector-space code, thereby adjudicating between competing theories of semantic representation.

Frisby, S. L., Cox, C. R., Halai, A. D., Lambon Ralph, M. A., Rogers, T. T.2026-03-25
🧠 neuroscience

Counterconditioning Alcohol Cues: Neural and Behavioral Modulation of Automatic Tendencies and Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer in Male Alcohol Users

This study demonstrates that counterconditioning alcohol cues paired with retrieval cues selectively reduces approach biases and recalibrates cue-driven instrumental interference in approach-oriented male alcohol users by restoring frontal N2 and centroparietal P3 neural activity, highlighting the importance of individual tendency profiles for targeted associative interventions.

Verma, A. K., Chivukula, U., Garbusow, M., Kumar, N.2026-03-25