neuroscience papers | Gist.Science

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

From Resonance to Computation:A Six-Layer Framework for Analog Neural Processing in Coupled RLC Oscillator Networks

This paper proposes a six-layer computational framework that models coupled neural oscillator networks as analog RLC circuits, demonstrating how subthreshold resonance, phase-based binding, and tunable impedance landscapes enable memory, pattern completion, and multiplexed computation while bridging the gap between linear electrical descriptions and nonlinear attractor dynamics.

SENDER, J. M.2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Age-dependent mitochondrial health decline in human induced neurons

This study utilizes directly reprogrammed human neurons to demonstrate that aging leads to mitochondrial health decline and impaired mitophagy, characterized by the accumulation of damaged mitochondria in unacidified autolysosomes, thereby providing a critical model for understanding age-related neurodegeneration and identifying therapeutic targets.

Legault, E. M., Drouin-Ouellet, J.2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Modulation of Automatic Alcohol Approach Tendencies using Single-Session 10 Hz rTMS over the Right dLPFC

This study demonstrates that a single session of 10 Hz rTMS over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex can effectively reduce automatic alcohol approach tendencies in healthy drinkers by strengthening top-down neural control mechanisms, as evidenced by enhanced N2 amplitudes and improved avoidance responses.

Verma, A. K., Kumar, A. D., Chivukula, U., Kumar, N.2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Encoding models uncover fine-grained feature selectivity for bodies, hands and tools

By combining densely sampled fMRI data with artificial neural network-based encoding models, this study reveals that category-selective areas in the occipitotemporal cortex exhibit fine-grained, distinct feature sensitivities for bodies, hands, and tools that go beyond broad categorical tuning.

Cortinovis, D., Hebart, M., Bracci, S.2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Transcranial random noise stimulation over the right prefrontal cortex does not improve performance on trained or untrained complex cognitive tasks

This study found that high-definition transcranial random noise stimulation (HD-tRNS) applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex provided no measurable benefit for learning or performance transfer in young pilots undergoing complex cognitive task training compared to a sham group.

Scannella, S., Riedinger, F., Chenot, Q.2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Fractional Anisotropy as a Surrogate Marker of Brain Mechanics

This study demonstrates that fractional anisotropy derived from diffusion-weighted MRI serves as a robust, non-invasive surrogate marker for brain tissue stiffness in healthy humans, showing a strong negative correlation with the shear modulus of a hyperelastic Ogden model across multiple datasets.

Rampp, S., Budday, S., Reiter, N., Tueni, N., Hinrichsen, J., Braeuer, L., Paulsen, F., Schnell, O., Fle, G., Laun, F. B (…)2026-04-13

🧠 neuroscience

Separable neurocomputational mechanisms underlying multisensory learning

This study identifies distinct but interacting neurocomputational mechanisms in the human brain that support multisensory learning by dissociating structure-based statistical learning, reward-based reinforcement learning, and outcome-surprise processing into complementary, modality-general neural networks.

Bedi, S., Casimiro, E., de Hollander, G., Raduner, N., Helmchen, F., Brem, S., Konovalov, A., Ruff, C.2026-04-12

🧠 neuroscience

Live Spike Sorting of Large-scale Neural Recordings

This paper introduces Live Spike Sorting (LSS), a robust system built on the Kilosort platform that enables real-time, high-fidelity sorting of single-neuron spikes from large-scale recordings, demonstrating performance comparable to offline methods and superior to traditional threshold-based approaches for applications like brain-computer interfaces.

Muralidharan, S., Leng, C., Orts, L., Trepka, E., Zhu, S., Panichello, M., Jonikaitis, D., Pennington, J., Pachitariu, M (…)2026-04-12

🧠 neuroscience

A DERIVED RELAXATION CONTRAST FROM SYNTHETIC MRI FOR DETECTING NETWORK MICROSTRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY

This study demonstrates that a synthetic MRI-derived contrast (FD), which is sensitive to myelin and lipid disruption, effectively detects early microstructural vulnerabilities in olfactory and limbic networks associated with odor identification impairment in mild cognitive impairment, offering complementary insights to traditional myelin volume fraction measures.

Ekanayake, A., Hwang, S. N., Peiris, S., Elyan, R., Tulchinsky, M., Wang, J., Eslinger, P. J., Yang, Q., Ghulam, M., Kar (…)2026-04-12

🧠 neuroscience

Sustaining Control and Agency Under Threat: Computational Pathways to Persistence and Escape

This study introduces a novel persistence-escape paradigm and a Meta-Arbitration of Control and Agency Q-learning (MACA-Q) model to demonstrate that avoidance is a context-dependent, dynamically regulated response to inferred controllability rather than a stable trait, revealing distinct computational pathways for adaptive and maladaptive engagement in anxiety and depression.

Ging-Jehli, N., Childers, R. K.2026-04-12

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