1527 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
This study demonstrates that transitions from anticorrelated to correlated binocular stimuli trigger an initial suppressive phase followed by a rebound-like facilitation, which paradoxically results in faster reaction times despite higher detection thresholds.
This paper introduces NeuraGEM, a neural architecture that combines fast transient activity with slow synaptic plasticity to implement online latent state discovery, thereby explaining how neural circuits detect context changes and support adaptive behavior through mechanisms like curriculum-dependent learning and line-attractor dynamics.
This study demonstrates that while reverberation and interruptions impair syllable recall in spatial selective attention tasks, pupil dilation dynamics are driven primarily by the perceptual salience of stimuli rather than by task performance or environmental expectations.
This study utilizes BioID proximity proteomics combined with evolutionary and structural bioinformatics to map a co-evolved LRRK2 regulatory network linked to centrosomes and microtubules, revealing how the protein's interactions with specific cellular sub-compartments are dynamically modulated by its kinase activity and upstream effectors.
By performing cellular-resolution calcium imaging across five regions of mouse sensorimotor cortex during a reach-to-grasp task, the study reveals that while neuronal response properties shift abruptly at anatomical borders, behaviorally relevant activity is organized into distinct, intermingled subpopulations that span multiple areas rather than being strictly segregated by cortical region.
By combining high-density electrophysiology, a taste decision-making task, and recurrent neural network modeling in the mouse gustatory cortex, this study demonstrates that distinct subpopulations of neurons encoding stimuli linearly and choices categorically are essential for driving population dynamics and successful behavioral performance, whereas other activity patterns are dispensable.
This study demonstrates that in elderly individuals, particularly those with constrained ventilation, elevated cardiac sympathetic activity during orthostatic stress correlates with exaggerated cerebral blood flow velocity changes, revealing a distinct maladaptive cardiac-cerebrovascular crosstalk that may compromise perfusion in ageing and post-stroke conditions.
By combining large-scale motor unit recordings with a novel simulation-based inference framework, this study successfully quantifies previously inaccessible patterns of homonymous and heteronymous recurrent inhibition across multiple human muscles, revealing distinct muscle- and intensity-dependent modulation during voluntary contractions.
This study reveals that while the *Calca* gene-derived CGRP is expressed in trigeminal and geniculate neurons, its alternative transcript preprocalcitonin is uniquely found in murine type II taste cells, suggesting a novel reciprocal regulatory mechanism involving CGRP1R-expressing progenitor and stromal cells that may influence taste signaling and regeneration.
Using whole-brain fMRI in behaving mice combined with reinforcement learning modeling, this study reveals that the periaqueductal gray (PAG) is selectively recruited during reversal learning to suppress previously rewarded actions and update behavior, highlighting a novel role for this midbrain structure in cognitive flexibility beyond its traditional association with threat processing.