1313 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
By combining human dorsal forebrain organoids with high-density microelectrode arrays, this study reveals that acute ketamine silences population bursting by disconnecting highly connected "backbone" neuronal units, while chronic exposure induces tolerance to this effect but results in a less active and less interconnected network with fewer backbone units.
This study demonstrates that multi-task fMRI data outperforms resting-state fMRI in predicting the brain's functional organization and individual connectivity models, challenging the assumption that rest provides the most reliable window into intrinsic brain architecture.
This study reveals that human microglia fundamentally differ from mouse microglia in their regulation of Kir2.1 and Kv potassium channels, exhibiting distinct activation patterns and morphological responses that highlight critical species-specific differences and the need for translational approaches in drug development.
Through EEG experiments and modeling, this study reveals that while perceptual evidence from intermittent glimpses is transiently accumulated at the centroparietal level, it is simultaneously maintained as a sustained decision variable in motor beta lateralization to support continuous integration across gaps.
This paper proposes a computational phenotyping framework demonstrating that distinct pathophysiological mechanisms in Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorders produce unique, mechanism-specific speech encoding failures—particularly in brief consonants versus sustained vowels—that can be identified through phoneme-specific confusion patterns to enable targeted clinical interventions.
This study demonstrates that in infants at high familial likelihood for autism, greater trial-to-trial variability in early visual cortical response timing, rather than average response latency, serves as a robust neural predictor of higher cognitive and language skills at 24 months, suggesting that such variability reflects adaptive sensory circuit flexibility.
This study demonstrates that exposing high school students to a brief, novel neuroscience lesson immediately before cognitive tasks significantly enhances both memory retrieval and divergent thinking in a real-world classroom setting, though the underlying mechanisms for these improvements appear to be partially distinct.
This study demonstrates that the cholecystokinin-like neuropeptide NLP-12, secreted by DVA interneurons and acting through the CKR-1 receptor, is essential for preserving sensory dendritic structure and neuronal healthspan in aging *C. elegans*, a mechanism that is evolutionarily conserved with human cholecystokinin.
This study demonstrates that the brain resolves the paradox of whether expectations enhance or suppress perception by temporally separating these processes, initially pre-activating expected outcomes to improve accuracy and subsequently prioritizing unexpected inputs to facilitate learning.
This study introduces a low-cost, computer-generated rotating tilted lines illusion (RTLI) as a novel, accessible method for quantitatively estimating population receptive fields, demonstrating its consistency with fMRI and electrophysiology while offering potential for screening cognitive abnormalities in conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.