🧠 Category

neuroscience

1313 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Extent of damage to descending output from cortex rather than to specific cortical regions drives the emergence of flexor synergy in non-human primates

This study demonstrates that in non-human primates, the emergence and persistence of post-stroke flexor synergies are driven primarily by the extent of damage to descending corticofugal pathways rather than by lesions to specific cortical regions, as severe and persistent synergies only occurred following large internal capsule lesions that disrupted these outputs.

Baines, A., Glover, I. S., Baker, A. M., Krakauer, J. W., Baker, S. N.2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Disrupted Higher-Order Topology in OCD Brain Networks Revealed by Hodge Laplacian - an ENIGMA Study

By applying a Hodge Laplacian framework to a large-scale ENIGMA-OCD fMRI dataset, this study reveals that obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by disrupted higher-order multi-region interactions within frontoparietal, default mode, and sensorimotor networks that are not detectable through traditional pairwise connectivity analyses.

Ruan, H., Chung, M. K., Bruin, W. B., Dzinalija, N., Abe, Y., Alonso, P., Anticevic, A., Balachander, S., Batistuzzo, M. (…)2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Rubicon modulates neuroimmune responses following traumatic brain injury

This study demonstrates that the protein Rubicon exacerbates acute neuroinflammation and oxidative stress following traumatic brain injury by suppressing autophagy and interacting with NRROS, while its genetic deletion in mice attenuates these damaging responses and improves motor recovery.

Thapa, S., Mehrabani Tabari, A. A., Pettyjohn-Robin, O., Nguyen, D. P., Weldemariam, M. M., Sarkar, C., Khan, M., Kane (…)2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Mesoscale molecular architecture of the human striatum across cell types and lifespan

Using Slide-tags spatial transcriptomics on 1.1 million cells from 19 human donors, this study reveals a molecularly defined mesoscale architecture in the striatum comprising six distinct zones with unique neuron-astrocyte signaling and differential susceptibility to age-related transcriptional changes.

Kraft, A. W., Lee, M., Rayan, N., Gao, H., Milidantri, J., Vanderburg, C., Balderrama, K., Nadaf, N., Kumar, V., Flowers (…)2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Decoding Phonetic Features: Somatotopic and Sensorimotor Representations in Native and Non-native Consonant Perception

This study demonstrates that speech perception relies on embodied sensorimotor representations, where somatotopic mapping in motor regions and a bilateral sensorimotor network help decode both native and non-native consonant features, particularly by compensating for degraded auditory input.

Tseng, T., Thibault, S., Krzonowski, J., Canault, M., Roy, A., Brozzoli, C., Boulenger, V.2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Linking cross-species trajectories of cerebrovascular remodeling in aging and Alzheimer's disease to brain vessel transcriptome

By integrating longitudinal in vivo imaging in a mouse model of amyloidosis with human 7T MRI and transcriptomic analysis, this study identifies early cerebrovascular remodeling trajectories and their underlying molecular mechanisms, establishing a cross-species framework for detecting Alzheimer's disease biomarkers before symptom onset.

Schweitzer, N., Shen, Y., Zhao, Y., Cover, C., Shahnur, A., Deek, R., Li, J., Stetten, G., Aizeinstein, H., Wu, M., Kold (…)2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Neural microstates underlying categorical speech perception using Bayesian nonparametrics

This study utilizes Bayesian nonparametrics and machine learning to demonstrate that categorical speech perception emerges from temporally discrete neural microstates within a distributed left-hemisphere cortical network, which not only accurately decode speech tokens but also robustly predict individual behavioral identification patterns.

Mahmud, M. S., Hasan, M. N., Mankel, K., Yeasin, M., Bidelman, G.2026-03-06
🧠 neuroscience

Growth in early infancy drives optimal brain functional connectivity which predicts cognitive flexibility in later childhood

This longitudinal study of a rural Gambian population demonstrates that early physical growth before five months of age drives optimal developmental trajectories of long-range interhemispheric functional connectivity, which subsequently predicts cognitive flexibility in preschool-aged children.

Bulgarelli, C., Blasi, A., McCann, S., Milosavljevic, B., Ghillia, G., Mbye, E., Touray, E., Fadera, T., Acolatse, L., M (…)2026-03-05
🧠 neuroscience

Structurally informed resting-state effective connectivity recapitulates cortical hierarchy

This study demonstrates that integrating structural connectivity into a hierarchical empirical Bayes model of resting-state effective connectivity not only improves model accuracy and reliability but also reveals that the relationship between structural and effective connectivity follows a biologically plausible unimodal-transmodal cortical hierarchy.

Greaves, M. D., Novelli, L., Razi, A.2026-03-05