677 papers
Nucl-Ex represents the dynamic frontier where scientists probe the fundamental building blocks of matter through high-energy experiments. By smashing particles together at incredible speeds or observing rare cosmic events, researchers uncover the forces that govern our universe and test the limits of our current understanding of physics.
At Gist.Science, we ensure these breakthroughs reach a broader audience by processing every new preprint in this field directly from arXiv. For each study, we provide both a clear, plain-language explanation of the core discoveries and a detailed technical summary for those seeking deeper insights. Below are the latest papers in nuclear experiment research, curated to help you stay informed on the latest developments from the lab.
This chapter explains the origins and significance of the proton radius puzzle, which arose from a discrepancy between muonic and electronic hydrogen measurements suggesting a potential violation of lepton universality, and presents recent experimental results that have successfully resolved the issue.
This paper presents the first measurement of open-charm baryon-to-meson ratios, specifically the baseline, in + collisions at RHIC energies using the high-statistics, unbiased dataset collected by the sPHENIX experiment to investigate heavy-flavor hadronization mechanisms.
This paper summarizes the ISO-BREAK 25 workshop held in Kielce in October 2025, which reviewed the current status of isospin-symmetry breaking observed by NA61/SHINE in nucleus-nucleus collisions, discussed its confirmation by other experiments, and outlined future experimental and theoretical priorities to explain this phenomenon.
This paper proposes a novel high-luminosity experimental approach using tagged hyperons produced in proton-proton collisions within a nested-target setup to precisely measure hyperon-nucleon interactions, thereby addressing the uncertainties in the equation of state that underlie the hyperon puzzle in neutron stars.
This study utilizes the PHQMD approach with a novel momentum-dependent potential to demonstrate that a soft, momentum-dependent nuclear equation of state best reproduces experimental flow data for protons and light clusters in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions, while also revealing distinct flow signatures that can help discriminate between different cluster formation mechanisms.
The BABY 1L experiment successfully benchmarked tritium breeding in a scaled-up molten salt system under DT neutron irradiation, demonstrating a six-fold improvement in breeding ratios over previous tests, validating OpenMC simulations, and identifying diffusion-limited transport and hydrogen-facilitated release as key mechanisms for future fusion power plant designs.
New high-precision measurements of the helicity-dependent cross sections for protons and deuterons in the 200–1400 MeV photon energy range, obtained at the MAMI facility, have been used to verify the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule for the proton, neutron, and deuteron while providing a critical benchmark for theoretical models of nucleon structure.
Using Monte Carlo simulations of two-dimensional two-state and three-state Potts models, this study investigates the hierarchy of higher-order cumulant ratios near criticality and finds that, contrary to theoretical predictions for QCD, the specific ordering observed by the STAR experiment does not generically emerge in these finite statistical systems undergoing second-order phase transitions.
This paper presents a 63-day cosmic-ray scattering experiment using Resistive Plate Chambers to simultaneously measure secondary cosmic-ray composition with high precision and establish stringent constraints on muon-philic dark matter scattering cross-sections.
This paper demonstrates for the first time that neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) can effectively constrain proton parton distribution functions using high-dimensional, unbinned LHC data, achieving significantly improved precision over traditional binned analyses by fully exploiting statistical power and reducing reliance on coarse uncertainty approximations.