Nuclear theory sits at the fascinating intersection of particle physics and the forces that hold our universe together. This field explores how protons and neutrons bind inside atomic nuclei, seeking to understand the fundamental interactions that govern matter at its most dense and energetic levels. While the mathematics involved can be incredibly complex, the core questions are deeply human: how does the universe function at its smallest scales, and what happens when we push matter to its limits?

At Gist.Science, we make these cutting-edge discoveries accessible by processing every new preprint published in this category on arXiv. Our team transforms dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language summaries alongside detailed technical overviews, ensuring that both experts and curious readers can grasp the latest breakthroughs without getting lost in the jargon. Below are the latest papers in nuclear theory, distilled and ready for you to explore.

Combined Evidence for the X17X_{17} Boson After PADME Results on Resonant Production in Positron Annihilation

This paper combines the recent 1.77σ1.77\sigma excess observed by the PADME experiment in positron annihilation with previous nuclear transition anomalies to strengthen the case for a common X17X_{17} boson origin, yielding a refined mass measurement of 16.88±0.05MeV16.88 \pm 0.05\,\text{MeV} that significantly reduces uncertainty compared to nuclear physics determinations alone.

Fernando Arias-Aragón, Giovanni Grilli di Cortona, Enrico Nardi, Claudio Toni2026-04-15⚛️ nucl-ex

Extended applicability domain of viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics in (2+1)-D Bjorken flow with transverse expansion

This paper demonstrates that (2+1)-D viscous anisotropic hydrodynamics (VAH) outperforms traditional viscous hydrodynamics in describing the evolution of boost-invariant, conformal systems across a wide range of opacities by showing superior agreement with kinetic theory, thereby extending the applicability of hydrodynamic modeling to small systems where conventional approaches struggle.

Yiyang Peng, Victor E. Ambrus, Clemens Werthmann, Sören Schlichting, Ulrich Heinz, Huichao Song2026-04-15⚛️ nucl-th

Diffractive vector meson photo-production in oxygen-oxygen and neon-neon ultraperipheral collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

This paper utilizes the energy-dependent hotspot model with various nuclear shape prescriptions to predict cross sections for coherent and incoherent diffractive vector meson (ρ0\rho^0 and J/ψ\psi) photo-production in oxygen-oxygen and neon-neon ultraperipheral collisions at the LHC, demonstrating that simultaneous measurements of these processes can constrain nuclear models and probe the gluon-saturation regime.

J. Cepila, J. G. Contreras, M. Matas, A. Ridzikova2026-04-15⚛️ nucl-th

Decomposition of angular momentum projected nuclear wave function

This paper derives a new identity that decomposes conventional angular momentum projected nuclear wave functions into coupled neutron-proton projected bases, revealing that nucleons in even-even ground states are not fully paired and demonstrating that this decomposition enables further improvements to variation after projection shell model wave functions.

Wen Chen, Zhan-Jiang Lian, Xue-Wei Li, Xin-Yang Xia, Zi-Yang He, Ke-Zheng Ruan, Zao-Chun Gao2026-04-15⚛️ nucl-th

Parameter-free deformation variables of the proxy-SU(3) symmetry in even-even atomic nuclei with Z=28-82, N=28-126

This paper provides complete tables of the highest weight and next highest weight irreducible representations within the parameter-free proxy-SU(3) symmetry framework, offering predictions for the collective deformation variables (β\beta and γ\gamma) of even-even atomic nuclei across the Z=2882Z=28\text{--}82 and N=28126N=28\text{--}126 regions.

Dennis Bonatsos, V. K. B. Kota, Andriana Martinou, S. K. Peroulis, D. Petrellis, P. Vasileiou, T. J. Mertzimekis, N. Minkov2026-04-15⚛️ nucl-th