👶 Category

pediatrics

56 papers

Pediatrics is the medical field dedicated to the health and development of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from early growth milestones to complex chronic conditions. Because young bodies and developing immune systems respond differently to treatments than adults do, this area requires specialized research to ensure safe and effective care for our youngest patients.

At Gist.Science, we make these critical studies accessible by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. For each study, we provide both a plain-language summary for general readers and a detailed technical breakdown for experts, bridging the gap between raw data and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in pediatrics, freshly summarized from the medRxiv server.

👶 pediatrics

Development of a Children and Young People's Informed Framework for the Design, Delivery and Evaluation of a Patient and Public Involvement, Engagement and Participation Group: A Service Development Project.

This service development project utilized qualitative focus groups with 13 children and young people (aged 12–16) with long-term health conditions to co-develop a CYP-informed framework for designing, delivering, and evaluating Patient and Public Involvement, Engagement and Participation (PPIEP) groups, emphasizing flexible, accessible, and respectful engagement strategies.

Chudleigh, J., Jones, G., Pickard, L., Deverese, M., Holder, P., Singh, A., Samad, N., Rose, A., Preston, J., Wolfe, I.2026-10-31
👶 pediatrics

Prognosis after a new episode of musculoskeletal pain in children and young people, 2005-21: population-based study

This population-based study of over 313,000 children and young people reveals that while most experience a single episode of musculoskeletal pain, approximately 38% follow early or persistent reconsultation trajectories driven by factors like female gender, specific pain locations, and prior symptom history, while also highlighting potential equity gaps in recorded reconsultation rates for Black and Asian individuals and those from deprived areas.

Mason, K. J., Jordan, K. P., Thomas, M. J., Bailey, J., Mughal, F., Protheroe, J., Jowett, S., Saxne Jöud, A., Snell, K (…)2026-10-16
👶 pediatrics

Association between Prenatal Adversity and Neonatal Outcomes in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure

This prospective cohort study of 235 infants with prenatal opioid exposure found that higher levels of maternal adversity, particularly involving demographic, medical, polysubstance, and mental health risk factors, are significantly associated with increased severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) and a greater likelihood of requiring pharmacological treatment.

Ramirez Heil, M., Donahue, M., Camerota, M., Dansereau, L., Craft, A., Conradt, E., Lester, B.2026-10-11
👶 pediatrics

A school-based trauma-informed care and social-emotional learning intervention for adolescents with adverse childhood experiences in India: Protocol for a sequential mixed-methods study with a single-arm quasi-experimental evaluation

This paper outlines the protocol for a sequential mixed-methods study in India designed to assess the prevalence and impact of adverse childhood experiences among adolescents and to develop, implement, and evaluate a culturally adapted, school-based intervention integrating trauma-informed care and social-emotional learning.

Bharti, B., Malhotra, N., Virk, A., Malhi, P., Bharti, S., Lamba, D., Pandey, C.2026-10-06
👶 pediatrics

Environmental exposures associated with behavioral outcomes and their link to endogenous metabolites in children born very preterm

This study of very preterm children found that while specific environmental metabolites (including a combustion-derived pollutant, a pesticide, and a dietary compound) showed nominal associations with behavioral problems at age 4, they were significantly linked to broad perturbations in endogenous metabolic pathways relevant to neurodevelopment, suggesting modifiable environmental factors may contribute to behavioral vulnerability in this population.

Patel, P., Tan, Y., Liang, D., Camerota, M., Marsit, C., Lester, B. M., Everson, T.2026-10-01
👶 pediatrics

Modelling Under-Five Mortality in Zambia Using Advanced Survival Approaches: A Comparative Analysis of Pooled Demographic and Health Survey Data

This study demonstrates that advanced survival modelling approaches, including extended Cox, shared-frailty, and Bayesian models, provide a more robust and valid framework than conventional Cox models for analyzing under-five mortality in Zambia by effectively addressing violations of proportional hazards assumptions and unobserved cluster-level heterogeneity in pooled Demographic and Health Survey data.

Mutasha, S., Moonga, G., Mwala, T., Shanaube, K.2026-10-01
👶 pediatrics

Socioeconomic position and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents with obesity: findings from the Bern Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence Biorepository (BOCAB)

This study of children and adolescents with obesity in specialized care reveals that lower socioeconomic position is associated with greater obesity severity and higher cardiometabolic risk, driven partly by lifestyle factors, yet treatment response remains consistent across socioeconomic groups, highlighting the need for earlier screening and referral for disadvantaged youth.

Koch, A., Giachino, C., Agbaje, A. O., Juonala, M., Magnussen, C. G., Burgner, D. P., Longmore, D. K., Leuenberger, L. M (…)2026-09-27
👶 pediatrics

Buccal DNA Methylation-Derived EpiScores are Associated with Neonatal Morbidity Burden in Infants born Very Preterm

This study demonstrates that buccal DNA methylation-derived EpiScores, particularly those reflecting immune, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways, capture biological signatures associated with neonatal morbidity burden in infants born very preterm.

Patel, P., Zhu, S., Sehgal, N., Camerota, M., Carter, B., Check, J., Helderman, J., Hofheimer, J., Litt, J., McGowan, E. (…)2026-09-27
👶 pediatrics

PDA Closure Rates and Safety after Repeated Courses of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 studies demonstrates that while cyclooxygenase inhibitors effectively treat patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants, closure rates significantly decline with repeated courses (dropping from 62% after the first to 46% after the second and 38% after the third), and evidence regarding the safety of such repeated treatments remains limited.

Saito, J., Wada, Y. S., Yoneda, K., Ogawa, K., Kan, N., Isayama, T., Toyoshima, K.2026-09-13
👶 pediatrics

Healthcare Providers Acceptability of Breast Milk Donation and Banking, and Factors Influencing Adoption in Rwanda: A Mixed-Methods Study

This mixed-methods study conducted in Rwanda reveals that healthcare providers highly accept breast milk donation and banking due to recognized neonatal benefits, though successful implementation requires addressing barriers such as cultural resistance, limited awareness, and infrastructure gaps through targeted training, policy development, and community engagement.

Dusingize, M. I., Ingabire, P., Kakibibi, P., Ndaimani, A., Olayinka, I., Wong, R.2026-09-12