40 papers
Pediatrics is the medical field dedicated to the health and development of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from early growth milestones to complex chronic conditions. Because young bodies and developing immune systems respond differently to treatments than adults do, this area requires specialized research to ensure safe and effective care for our youngest patients.
At Gist.Science, we make these critical studies accessible by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. For each study, we provide both a plain-language summary for general readers and a detailed technical breakdown for experts, bridging the gap between raw data and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in pediatrics, freshly summarized from the medRxiv server.
This study demonstrates that neonatal unit admission, regardless of whether it occurs in preterm or term infants, is a significant independent risk factor for poorer educational attainment and an increased likelihood of special educational needs in children aged 5 to 11 years.
The BLOOM randomized controlled trial found that short-term administration of brewers' yeast or beta-glucan did not significantly increase daily breast milk volume in mothers following preterm birth compared to placebo, though the small sample size warrants further research to rule out potential clinical benefits.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 21,731 children reveals that structural heart disease is associated with a significantly elevated pooled prevalence of epilepsy (3.0%) compared to the general pediatric population, with risk further heightened by complex lesions and surgical interventions.
This paper presents a large-scale, multimodal clinical dataset of over 3,685 adopted and foster care children from the University of Minnesota, integrating electronic medical records with manually curated data on early adversity, placement history, and prenatal exposures to facilitate research into their impacts on pediatric health and development.
This study utilizes electronic health record data from foster and adopted youth to validate that adverse childhood experiences, particularly abuse and violence, follow a threshold and cumulative risk pattern that significantly increases the likelihood of anxiety, mood, and behavioral disorders, underscoring the need for tailored assessment and intervention strategies for these high-risk populations.
This study utilizes spatial transcriptomics and TCR sequencing to demonstrate that while most T cells co-localize in immune-rich regions of high-risk neuroblastoma, γδT cells uniquely distribute throughout tumor-rich areas and exhibit location-dependent transcriptional states, highlighting their distinct role in tumor-immune interactions.
This pragmatic before-and-after study in Malawi demonstrates that the IMPALA continuous monitoring system is highly cost-effective for hospitalized children in low-resource settings, significantly reducing mortality, critical illness events, and disability-adjusted life years while lowering overall costs in both general wards and high-dependency units.
A study in Sierra Leone demonstrates that a US-led, two-phase flipped classroom neonatal curriculum significantly improved healthcare providers' medical knowledge and was highly regarded, suggesting its potential to enhance neonatal care in low-resource settings.
This study demonstrates that computational metrics derived from neonatal EEG, including local amplitudes, phase-amplitude coupling, and large-scale functional network connectivity, are significantly associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age in infants who experienced perinatal asphyxia.
This prospective clinical research protocol outlines a longitudinal cohort study to be conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from March to August 2026, aiming to estimate the incidence and identify clinical predictors of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) failure among preterm neonates using Silverman-Anderson scoring and multivariable linear modeling.