pediatrics papers | Gist.Science

Structural Covariance Analysis of Altered Brain Development in Neonates with Congenital Heart Disease After Surgery

This prospective study utilized Structural Covariance Component analysis on neonatal MRI data to reveal that neonates with congenital heart disease exhibit widespread, region-specific postoperative brain morphological alterations and perioperative changes compared to healthy controls, although these changes were not significantly associated with specific perioperative risk factors.

van der Meijden, M. E. M., Gal-Er, B., Clayden, B. + 12 more2026-04-07👶 pediatrics

Hormone Use among Young People with Gender Incongruence in Norway: A Nationwide Register Study

This nationwide Norwegian register study reveals that the incidence of gender incongruence diagnoses and the prevalence of gender-affirming hormone and puberty blocker use among youth have both increased significantly since 2015, with notable rises among teens assigned female at birth for diagnoses and teens assigned male at birth for puberty suppression.

Oyas, O., Magnus, P., Nyquist, C. B. + 3 more2026-04-07👶 pediatrics

Nourishing Hearts: The Link Between Food Insecurity and Overall Health Status of Children with Congenital Heart Disease in U.S.

Using 2023 National Survey of Children's Health data, this study reveals that children with congenital heart disease face significantly higher odds of food insecurity compared to their peers, and those experiencing food insecurity are nearly four times more likely to report fair or poor overall health, highlighting the critical need for targeted socioeconomic interventions.

Jani, S., Modi, H., Nadkarni, M. + 2 more2026-04-05👶 pediatrics

Evaluation of non-sputum-based diagnostics for pediatric tuberculosis: the Pediatric TB Diagnostic (PDTBDx) cohort protocol

This paper outlines the protocol for the Pediatric TB Diagnostic (PDTBDx) cohort study, a prospective observational trial in Nairobi, Kenya, designed to evaluate non-sputum-based diagnostics and novel biomarkers for improving the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of tuberculosis in children and adolescents.

Mullen, B., Githua, J., Escudero, J. N. + 9 more2026-04-03👶 pediatrics

Developmental brain age gap in prematurity and postnatally emerging delay in congenital heart disease

This study introduces a deep learning-based brain age framework to demonstrate that while preterm birth causes a gestational-age-dependent delay in brain maturation, congenital heart disease is associated with a normal prenatal brain age that diverges into a significant postnatal maturational gap worsening after cardiac surgery.

Kaandorp, M. P. T., Payette, K., Speckert, A. + 11 more2026-04-02👶 pediatrics

Development and validation of an XGBoost model with SHAP-based interpretability and a web-based calculator for predicting extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants

This study developed and validated an interpretable XGBoost-based machine learning model with a web-based calculator that accurately predicts extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants using early clinical variables, leveraging SHAP analysis to identify key risk factors and support individualized clinical management.

Xu, Z., Yu, C.-L., Zhang, J.-X.2026-04-02👶 pediatrics

Predicting long-term adverse outcomes after neonatal intensive care

This study demonstrates that a time-aware transformer model (STraTS) applied to longitudinal neonatal EHR data can effectively predict long-term neuropsychiatric risks by age seven while providing clinically interpretable insights through multiple complementary interpretability methods, identifying key predictors such as birth weight, Apgar scores, and early clinical severity indicators.

Ogretir, M., Kaipainen, V., Leskinen, M. + 2 more2026-03-31👶 pediatrics

The impact of age, comorbidity, and current medication use on plasma p-tau217 in adolescents

This study demonstrates that while plasma p-tau217 levels in adolescents remain stable across age, comorbidities, and medication use, they are significantly and discordantly elevated in Tasso+ capillary samples compared to venous plasma, highlighting a critical methodological limitation for decentralized biomarker studies.

Stancil, S. L., Brewe, M., Mayfield, H. + 1 more2026-03-31👶 pediatrics

Sacral Neuromodulation in pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders: Prospective cohort trial

This prospective cohort trial demonstrates that both invasive sacral neuromodulation and noninvasive enteral neuromodulation are effective and safe treatments for refractory pediatric gastrointestinal motility disorders, showing comparable success rates despite differences in patient severity and invasiveness.

Bieling, F., Kirchgatter, A. M., Bauer, A. + 6 more2026-03-30👶 pediatrics

Evaluation of diagnostic performance of the "STANDARD G6PDTM" quantitative point-of-care test in neonates and infants

This study demonstrates that the "STANDARD G6PDTM" quantitative point-of-care test is a reliable and accurate tool for diagnosing G6PD deficiency in neonates and infants using cord and capillary blood up to one week of life, although longitudinal data indicates that G6PD activity naturally decreases over the first four months, potentially necessitating adjusted thresholds for interpreting intermediate results in female infants.

Gornsawun, G., Moo, E., Htoo, K. + 9 more2026-03-28👶 pediatrics

National Norms and Psychometrics for the Pubertal Development Scale

This study establishes nationally representative norms and confirms the strong psychometric properties of the parent- and self-report Pubertal Development Scale, demonstrating high cross-informant agreement and providing empirical benchmarks for assessing pubertal status across diverse U.S. populations.

Liu, Y., Bonny, A. E., Youngstrom, E. A.2026-03-27👶 pediatrics

Predicting Infant Nonattendance at the Next Recommended Well-Child Visit: Model Development and Validation

This study demonstrates that a simple logistic regression model using routine electronic health record data can effectively predict infant nonattendance at well-child visits with performance comparable to complex algorithms, offering a practical tool for clinicians to proactively support at-risk families.

Luff, A., Shields, M., Hirschtick, J. + 5 more2026-03-26👶 pediatrics

Figurative Drawing Abilities Map onto Distinct Cognitive Mechanism from Non-Figurative Abilities in 77,000 Participants with Neurodevelopmental Disorders

This study of 77,000 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders reveals that figurative and non-figurative drawing abilities are supported by distinct cognitive mechanisms—the Syntactic and Modifier mechanisms, respectively—suggesting that the historical emergence of these art forms reflects the sequential evolution of specific neurocognitive systems linked to language.

Vyshedskiy, A., Venkatesh, R., Khokhlovich, E.2026-03-23👶 pediatrics

Genome admixture analysis of 1,030 Ugandan infants with neonatal sepsis and hydrocephalus demonstrates geographical stratification of population disease risk

An analysis of genome sequencing data from 1,030 Ugandan infants reveals that post-infectious hydrocephalus is significantly associated with a specific genetic admixture group prevalent in northern Uganda, highlighting the critical role of genetic ancestry and geographical stratification in understanding neonatal disease risk in African populations.

Movassagh, M., Newbury, L., Hehnly, C. + 23 more2026-03-23👶 pediatrics

Reach, implementation fidelity, and safety of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) therapy in children with severe pneumonia in Pakistan

This prospective cohort study in Pakistan reveals that while bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) was administered to 53% of children with severe pneumonia, significant gaps in implementation fidelity—particularly regarding continuous monitoring and feeding practices—were associated with a 22% treatment failure rate and highlighted the need for targeted strategies to improve reach and safety.

Ijaz, N., Shabbir, A., Bachal, P. + 9 more2026-03-22👶 pediatrics

Care Across Contexts: Patterns of Caregiver-Infant Engagement in Spanish- and English-Speaking Families of Preterm Infants

This prospective cohort study found that while Spanish- and English-speaking families of preterm infants generally exhibited comparable patterns of caregiver-infant engagement, skin-to-skin care varied significantly within Spanish-speaking groups and served as a key predictor for verbal engagement at home, highlighting a continuity of care from the hospital to the home environment.

Rios, P. M., Marchman, V. A., Ontiveros Perez, N. L. + 4 more2026-03-20👶 pediatrics

Paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation research priorities: results from an international multi-stakeholder Priority Setting Partnership

Through an international, multi-stakeholder Priority Setting Partnership involving patients, families, and healthcare professionals across four countries, this study identified the top 10 research priorities for paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, highlighting key gaps in personalized medicine, immune recovery, and adjunct interventions like exercise and nutrition.

Williams, E., Dyas, R., Colman, K. + 21 more2026-03-20👶 pediatrics

Prenatal exposure to SARS-CoV-2, early relational health, and child socio-emotional functioning in the first 6 months

This prospective cohort study of 884 mother-infant dyads found that prenatal SARS-CoV-2 exposure was associated with a small, statistically significant reduction in observed maternal caregiving quality but showed no significant impact on other early relational health constructs or infant socio-emotional functioning during the first six months of life.

Lavallee, A., Warmingham, J. M., Owens, J. B. + 40 more2026-03-19👶 pediatrics

Intrathalamic morphometery in infants with congenital heart disease and infants born preterm

This study reveals that infants born preterm before 32 weeks exhibit widespread thalamic morphometric changes linked to motor outcomes, whereas infants with congenital heart disease show more localized thalamic alterations unrelated to cerebral oxygen delivery, indicating distinct thalamic phenotypes between the two conditions.

Clayden, B., Gal-Er, B., van der Meijden, M. E. M. + 13 more2026-03-17👶 pediatrics

Hydrating on the synthetic rainbow: Prevalence of synthetic food dyes in hydration drinks

This 2024 study of 102 hydration beverages in Carson City, Nevada, reveals that synthetic food dyes are prevalent in 42.2% of products overall, with a particularly high concentration (87.5%) in pediatric-marketed drinks, raising concerns about potential neurobehavioral effects in children.

Castro Polvorosa, A., Bacock, L., Shumway, T. + 3 more2026-03-12👶 pediatrics