29 papers
Pediatrics is the medical field dedicated to the health and development of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from early growth milestones to complex chronic conditions. Because young bodies and developing immune systems respond differently to treatments than adults do, this area requires specialized research to ensure safe and effective care for our youngest patients.
At Gist.Science, we make these critical studies accessible by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. For each study, we provide both a plain-language summary for general readers and a detailed technical breakdown for experts, bridging the gap between raw data and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in pediatrics, freshly summarized from the medRxiv server.
This study demonstrates that computational metrics derived from neonatal EEG, including local amplitudes, phase-amplitude coupling, and large-scale functional network connectivity, are significantly associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years of age in infants who experienced perinatal asphyxia.
This prospective clinical research protocol outlines a longitudinal cohort study to be conducted in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, from March to August 2026, aiming to estimate the incidence and identify clinical predictors of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) failure among preterm neonates using Silverman-Anderson scoring and multivariable linear modeling.
This bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most-cited articles on pediatric respiratory infections reveals that while the field has evolved with a focus on clinical outcomes and viral diagnostics, it remains unbalanced by a heavy reliance on observational studies from high-income countries and a lack of randomized trials, systematic reviews, and research from low- and middle-income nations.
This study demonstrates that cardiorespiratory instability in preterm infants following apnoea is highly variable and influenced by a combination of clinical, demographic, and dynamic factors, which can be effectively leveraged by machine learning models to predict instability risk and potentially enable personalized apnoea management.
The ACODA study is the first longitudinal cohort to document the digital lives of Australian children aged 6 months to 5 years, revealing that nearly all participants have home internet access and frequently use devices like televisions and tablets for entertainment and learning, often alongside caregivers.
This quasi-experimental study using synthetic control analysis found that the Health Equity Liverpool Project's community-engagement intervention produced modest, short-term increases in rotavirus and 6-in-1 vaccine uptake but failed to significantly improve MMR or pneumococcal vaccine coverage or sustain long-term benefits without broader systemic integration.
This prospective study reveals that individuals with the RANBP2 c.1754C>T variant, which predisposes them to acute necrotizing encephalopathy, exhibit a distinct immunological signature characterized by myeloid cell reprogramming and an exaggerated TNF-α response upon stimulation, offering potential biomarkers for disease stratification and targeted immunotherapies.
This qualitative study of 25 caregivers in Colombia reveals that families of children with congenital craniofacial anomalies face significant challenges—including late diagnoses, inadequate support, system fragmentation, and a gendered caregiving burden—necessitating gender-sensitive, patient-centered strategies and improved healthcare training and pathways.
This scoping review of 36 studies from high-income countries identifies significant physical health challenges among care-experienced children under seven, such as poor growth, dental issues, and low immunization rates, while highlighting critical research gaps regarding causes and prevalence due to methodological limitations and a lack of comparator groups.
This retrospective cohort study of 60 preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) identifies gestational age ≥28 weeks and antenatal corticosteroid exposure as key predictors of successful pharmacological closure, while demonstrating that effective treatment significantly reduces the high mortality rate associated with PDA, particularly in infants born before 28 weeks.