169 papers
This collection explores the fundamental physics concepts that govern how matter and energy interact across the universe. From the invisible forces shaping our daily lives to the complex mechanics driving cosmic phenomena, these studies reveal the underlying rules of reality. Here, we translate cutting-edge research into insights anyone can understand, bridging the gap between abstract theory and tangible discovery.
Every new preprint in this category originates from arXiv, where researchers first share their latest findings with the global community. At Gist.Science, we process each of these submissions to provide both detailed technical summaries and clear, plain-language explanations. This dual approach ensures that whether you are a seasoned physicist or a curious learner, you can grasp the significance of every breakthrough without getting lost in dense equations.
Below are the latest papers in Class-Ph, freshly processed and ready for you to explore.
This paper investigates the resonant excitation of supermassive black hole modes by nearby stellar-mass binaries, revealing that the resulting energy flux peaks near but not exactly at the quasinormal-mode frequency, with the offset increasing with orbital distance and the response becoming more complex for rotating black holes.
This paper systematically reviews and analyzes the correspondence between discrete linear lattice models (ranging from infinite to finite with various boundary conditions) and their continuous partial differential equation counterparts, utilizing Fourier analysis to examine their relationship primarily through the lens of dispersion relations.
This paper resolves the well-known pathologies of the Lorentz Abraham Dirac equation by modeling charged particles as finite, deformable spheres with internal breathing modes, thereby deriving a causal radiation reaction force that eliminates pre-acceleration and runaway solutions while providing a mechanical interpretation of the Schott term as reversible internal energy storage.
This study utilizes atomistic field theory and molecular dynamics simulations to demonstrate that electron transfer in contact electrification is partly driven by a surface dipole-induced nonlinear potential field and a separation-dependent potential barrier, offering new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of triboelectric charge transfer.
This paper demonstrates that the Mpemba effect, where a system initially farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than a closer one, can occur within the linear-response regime of many-body systems through spectral separation in reciprocal systems and non-normal relaxation dynamics in non-reciprocal systems.
This paper presents a novel scalar action formulation, derived from the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism, that successfully describes non-holonomic and inequality-constrained mechanical systems by recovering Lagrange-d'Alembert dynamics through direct extremization, thereby enabling new analytical and computational approaches that bypass traditional equations of motion.
This paper presents a symplectic Hamiltonian framework for thermodynamics that models equilibrium states as Lagrangian submanifolds and describes both reversible and irreversible processes, such as free expansion and heat transfer, through Hamiltonian dynamics and port-Hamiltonian systems.
This paper demonstrates that within a distributional framework, the Principle of Virtual Work is necessary to characterize equilibrium in higher-gradient continua where balance laws alone are insufficient, and it clarifies that Noll's theorem regarding surface contact forces relies on assumptions that fail for such materials, thereby validating the existence of curvature-dependent contact interactions.
This paper presents a theoretical design for a single-heat-source power generation cycle using R134a that claims to bypass the Carnot limit by leveraging asymmetric constraints to harvest ambient heat and produce net work from a micro temperature difference.
This paper presents two new methods for constructing Lagrangians with specific symmetries by deriving relations from Noether's identity that link the Hessian matrix, symmetry transformations, and constants of motion, and then combining these with Helmholtz's conditions to solve the inverse problem of mechanics.