169 papers
This collection explores the fundamental physics concepts that govern how matter and energy interact across the universe. From the invisible forces shaping our daily lives to the complex mechanics driving cosmic phenomena, these studies reveal the underlying rules of reality. Here, we translate cutting-edge research into insights anyone can understand, bridging the gap between abstract theory and tangible discovery.
Every new preprint in this category originates from arXiv, where researchers first share their latest findings with the global community. At Gist.Science, we process each of these submissions to provide both detailed technical summaries and clear, plain-language explanations. This dual approach ensures that whether you are a seasoned physicist or a curious learner, you can grasp the significance of every breakthrough without getting lost in dense equations.
Below are the latest papers in Class-Ph, freshly processed and ready for you to explore.
This study demonstrates that while sufficiently elongated frictionless granular rods under shear can reach a quasi-equilibrium state described by classical liquid crystal theory, this analogy breaks down at low aspect ratios and with the introduction of friction, revealing a transition to a far-from-equilibrium state driven by frictional gearing.
This paper presents a concise proof of the Gurzadyan theorem that eliminates unnecessary calculations to clarify its essential mathematical and physical significance.
This paper proposes a "least cost principle" to frame physical laws as solutions to an inverse optimal control problem, inferring that gravitational and Coulomb forces optimize a reward function that favors high relative velocities and quasi-circular orbits.
This paper argues that E. T. Whittaker's early 20th-century theories on longitudinal waves and scalar potentials provide a unified framework for explaining diverse physical phenomena—including gravitational lensing, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, and the accelerated expansion of the universe—by proposing that these effects arise from the duality and orthogonality of fundamental Whittaker potentials.
This paper presents a visual approach to relativistic mechanics using Minkowski diagrams in energy-momentum space and hyperbolic trigonometry to derive elegant new formulations of the relativistic rocket equation and Doppler effect.
This paper demonstrates that the superposition principle can fail in multilayered media when using conventional evanescent wave bases due to non-normalizable components, and proposes a power flux mode basis that ensures unitary scattering and restores convergence without regularization.
This paper proposes two criteria based on conformal group representations in Minkowski spacetime to derive the full Planck spectrum, including zero-point radiation, for relativistic scalar waves using classical physics.
This paper introduces a novel, likelihood-free framework combining Flow Matching and Simulation-Based Inference with a differentiable N-body code to jointly infer the Milky Way's gravitational potential and the progenitor properties of the GD-1 stellar stream, successfully capturing complex dynamical couplings that traditional methods struggle to model.
This paper presents the design methodology, kinematic analysis, and prototype validation of a cable-driven coaxial spherical parallel mechanism that minimizes end-effector inertia and achieves decoupled rotational degrees of freedom to enhance haptic feedback for medical ultrasound teleoperation.
This paper presents a method for accurately calculating local temperatures in molecular dynamics simulations with rigid constraints by self-consistently evaluating the degrees of freedom, thereby correcting unphysical violations of kinetic energy equipartition and providing a sensitive indicator for numerical integration errors or insufficient equilibration.