465 papers
This collection explores the fascinating world of instrumentation and detection within physics, focusing on the tools and sensors that allow scientists to measure the universe. From advanced particle trackers to sensitive gravitational wave detectors, these innovations form the backbone of modern discovery, turning abstract theories into observable data.
On Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this field as it appears on arXiv, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve. Each paper is accompanied by a clear, plain-language explanation alongside a detailed technical summary, bridging the gap between complex research and accessible knowledge.
Below are the latest papers in physics instrumentation and detection, offering fresh insights into how we observe the fundamental nature of reality.
This paper presents a comprehensive laboratory characterization of the Hamamatsu R760 photomultiplier tubes used in the PLUME detector for the LHCb experiment, systematically evaluating their gain, timing, linearity, dark current, and ageing to establish optimal operating conditions for stable luminosity measurements during LHC Runs 3 and 4.
This paper reports the successful operation and performance evaluation of a 240-pixel transition-edge sensor (TES) spectrometer at SPring-8, demonstrating its high energy resolution and wide-band capabilities for simultaneous multi-element analysis, trace element detection, and XANES studies in fluorescence mode.
This paper presents a proof-of-concept for a hermetically sealed, xenon-based cryogenic heat pump demonstrator that achieves high-efficiency cooling and heating with significantly lower power consumption than current systems, demonstrating its viability for enabling large-scale radon removal in future liquid xenon observatories like XLZD.
This paper demonstrates that embedding neural networks in the front-end electronics of silicon particle detectors enables efficient, low-latency probabilistic inference of charged-particle kinematics directly at the sensor edge, addressing the critical bandwidth and power constraints of modern high-rate scientific instruments.
This paper describes the design and performance of a 260-liter liquid argon test stand at BNL featuring a pump-free purification system and enhanced condenser, which achieves a 0.5 ms electron lifetime and enables rapid seven-day operational cycles to support the development of large-scale liquid argon time projection chamber experiments.
This paper demonstrates the capabilities of a custom-built plug-flow fixed-bed cell for high-temperature (up to 1000°C) and high-pressure (up to 10 bar) operando laboratory X-ray absorption spectroscopy, successfully resolving oxidation state changes and catalytic activity in manganese and nickel systems during CO2 methanation within 5–15 minutes per spectrum.
This paper introduces the Lund Plane to Bloch (LP2B) encoding and a corresponding Quantum Tree-Topology Network (QTTN) that maps robust jet kinematics to qubit states, achieving competitive performance in object and polarization tagging with significantly fewer parameters and reduced systematic uncertainties compared to classical deep learning models, while also being validated on real quantum hardware.
This study proposes and demonstrates a practical method for reconstructing three-dimensional recoil-electron directions in electron-tracking Compton cameras by combining high-resolution 2D optical imaging, 1D waveform readout, and deep learning, achieving improved angular and starting-point resolution without the data volume constraints of full 3D readout systems.
The paper proposes DMRadio-Core, a novel experimental design utilizing a segmented solenoid and external LC resonators to significantly reduce the required magnetic energy while maintaining sensitivity, thereby enabling a near-term search for GUT-scale QCD axions in the 30–200 MHz range with a scalable path to lower frequencies.
This paper presents a comprehensive characterization of various photocathode materials for PICOSEC Micromegas detectors, demonstrating that a 5 nm Cesium Iodide (CsI) layer achieves a record time resolution of 10.9 ps while robust alternatives like Titanium and Boron Carbide offer promising performance with enhanced durability.