621 papers
This collection explores the fascinating world of instrumentation and detection within physics, focusing on the tools and sensors that allow scientists to measure the universe. From advanced particle trackers to sensitive gravitational wave detectors, these innovations form the backbone of modern discovery, turning abstract theories into observable data.
On Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this field as it appears on arXiv, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve. Each paper is accompanied by a clear, plain-language explanation alongside a detailed technical summary, bridging the gap between complex research and accessible knowledge.
Below are the latest papers in physics instrumentation and detection, offering fresh insights into how we observe the fundamental nature of reality.
This paper presents a detailed description of the NEXT-100 detector's design, assembly, and radiopurity budget, alongside results from its commissioning run at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc, which demonstrated stable operation and effective monitoring using alpha decays.
Using a high-statistics CsI(Tl) detector and a high-activity Sc source at Texas A&M University, this study employs a "missing-" technique to search for invisible decays in nuclear gamma cascades, thereby excluding specific regions of parameter space for light dark-sector particles such as axions, dark scalars, and dark photons in the 0.1–1 MeV mass range.
This paper proposes a high-speed analog optical readout system for low-temperature experiments that converts electrical signals into light for transmission via optical fiber, offering advantages such as low attenuation, reduced crosstalk, and high bandwidth while maintaining low power consumption.
This paper presents a custom-designed high-voltage generation system capable of producing eight stable, phase-offset sinusoidal waveforms with frequency sweeps to effectively decelerate heavy polar molecules in a traveling-wave Stark decelerator, overcoming significant capacitive coupling challenges to enable precision spectroscopy for fundamental physics tests.
This paper demonstrates that a high-precision, distributed source can be used to accurately verify the effective mass and volume of an HPGe detector by comparing experimental gamma-ray spectra with Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations.
This paper introduces a "spatiotemporal wavefront sensor (STWFS)" based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry and wavelength division multiplexing, enabling high-precision, single-shot, 3D characterization of complex spatiotemporal optical vortices.
This paper investigates the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as binary classifiers to distinguish photon-triggered pulses from background noise in transition edge sensors for the ALPS II experiment, finding that the CNN approach failed to outperform traditional cut-based analysis and suggesting that regression or unsupervised models may be more effective for future signal processing.
This paper reports on the measurement of neutron energy spectra at the Yemi Underground Laboratory using a high-sensitivity spectrometer consisting of proportional counters, providing quantified thermal and fast neutron fluence rates after accounting for internal -backgrounds.
This paper develops and validates a predictive model using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental testing to correct for complex neutron attenuation in soil, enabling more accurate elemental composition measurements for soil carbon assessment via Inelastic Neutron Scattering-Associated Particle Imaging (INS-API).
This paper proposes a novel 4D-STEM tomographic framework that utilizes object tracking and segmentation to enable high-quality, single-crystalline structure determination of beam-sensitive or agglomerated nanoparticles, overcoming the limitations of conventional 3D electron diffraction.