64 papers
This paper offers a pedagogical review of the Schwinger effect, tracing its origins in quantum electrodynamics and exploring its extensions to quantum chromodynamics and applications in nuclear physics, such as string breaking, high-Z nuclei, relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the chiral anomaly.
This paper presents the first successful *ab initio* simulation of non-equilibrium recombination in evolving ultracold plasmas by employing a co-moving reference frame and trajectory-based identification criteria, achieving a 20% recombination efficiency that aligns with laboratory measurements.
This paper presents a fully-coupled simulation demonstrating that high-voltage pulsed electric fields can effectively mitigate reentry communication blackout by depleting electron density in the plasma sheath, thereby reducing signal attenuation from 60% to 4% with a lightweight, feasible power system, while revealing that ion kinetics primarily govern the sheath's topology.
This paper presents a unifying Bayesian framework for sparse-view plasma tomography that integrates data likelihood and profile priors into a posterior distribution, enabling efficient uncertainty quantification and principled statistical analysis through a stochastic gradient flow algorithm validated on TCV tokamak soft x-ray data.
This paper proposes a novel data-driven approach that embeds neural networks into solar dynamo equations to learn the functional form of alpha-quenching from sunspot data, revealing a strong correlation between the dynamo number and the quenching shape that highlights the need for additional constraints to uniquely determine model parameters.
This paper demonstrates that the previously proposed stabilization mechanism for helical magnetohydrodynamic turbulence via spontaneous symmetry breaking yields only singular solutions due to inconsistent truncations, arguing instead that a consistent field-theoretic description of large-scale mean-field generation requires the inclusion of a bare curl term arising from parity-violating modifications to Ohm's law.
This paper presents a unified theory demonstrating that a single dimensionless parameter governs the linear mode conversion between Alfvén, ordinary, and extraordinary plasma waves in ultramagnetized neutron star magnetospheres, where magnetic field-line curvature drives efficient, angle-dependent transitions that explain complex polarization features in pulsars and fast radio bursts.
This study employs a three-component plasma model and Sagdeev potential formalism to determine the Mach number ranges and physical limitations, such as double layers and density constraints, governing the existence of large-amplitude electron-acoustic solitons with both negative and positive potentials in two-temperature electron space plasmas.
This paper establishes a kinetic field theory for beam-plasma collective oscillations in intermediate-energy charged-particle beams, deriving dispersion relations and critical density thresholds that are validated by a Prometheus beta-VAE analyzing particle-in-cell simulation data to confirm predicted signatures like density-tunable resonances and Friedel oscillations.
This paper presents a time-dependent interpretive modeling framework using the 0D MCTrans++ code to infer plasma evolution in the Centrifugal Mirror Fusion Experiment (CMFX) from sparse diagnostics, revealing that spreading fuel injections across a discharge improves performance and enables record ion temperatures and neutron yields.
This paper reports the first successful in-air irradiation of biological samples using stable, kHz laser-driven electron beams, demonstrating promising pre-clinical results of normal tissue sparing in zebrafish embryos while maintaining anticancer efficacy in glioblastoma cells, thereby marking a significant milestone toward the clinical translation of laser-plasma accelerators.
This paper argues that a persistent, cycle-invariant discrepancy between radio brightness temperatures and hydrostatic scale-height modeling in the quiet solar corona provides evidence for non-Maxwellian, kappa-distributed electron velocity distributions with kappa values of approximately 2–3, rather than the turbulent scattering or standard thermal equilibrium models previously assumed.
This paper experimentally demonstrates that passive plasma lenses can preserve free-electron-laser-quality slice emittance while focusing beams two orders of magnitude more strongly than quadrupole magnets, with controllable focal parameters.
This paper provides a comprehensive comparison of explicit relativistic particle pushers used in Particle-in-Cell simulations, demonstrating that a significant class of these schemes can be generalized to arbitrary high-order accuracy and evaluating the performance of their fourth-order variants against second-order counterparts.
This paper proposes using a traveling, rotating magnetic field as a more energetically efficient and penetrating alternative to electric fields for suppressing axial losses in multi-mirror fusion machines, thereby enabling the achievement of fusion conditions in the central cell.
This paper utilizes a novel Full-F gyrofluid model to simulate 2D Harris-sheet magnetic reconnection in low-beta plasmas, demonstrating that the non-normal nature of the evolution operator enables significant transient amplification that drives explosive reconnection and explains the transition from linear tearing to rapid nonlinear acceleration.
This study utilizes a newly developed parallel-kinetic-perpendicular-moment (PKPM) model to simulate the 3D relaxation and reconnection of line-tied flux ropes, revealing a current-dependent transition between diamagnetic and paramagnetic regimes where macroscopic structural differences mask underlying kinetic similarities that are effectively quantified using squashing factor and quasi-potential diagnostics.
This paper demonstrates that transformer-based neural operator surrogates can accurately and efficiently emulate the complex, multiscale dynamics of drift-wave turbulence bifurcation in fusion plasmas, including rare transitions and long-term evolution, thereby offering a computationally viable alternative to direct numerical simulations for real-time control and optimization.
This study evaluates activation foils and capsule materials for fusion neutron yield measurements, demonstrating that aluminum and copper foils are suitable for multi-foil configurations, 3D-printed thermoplastic capsules introduce negligible measurement bias despite slight count reductions, and lanthanum-based detectors offer a viable alternative to high-purity germanium spectrometers.
This White Paper advocates for a coordinated UK programme integrating high-precision observations, advanced theory, and machine learning to advance Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) seismology, thereby addressing critical solar physics challenges and enhancing space weather forecasting capabilities.