Distributed Matchday Legitimacy and Perceived Triggers of Football Hooliganism in Ghana's Division One League: A Stakeholder Study
This study of Ghana's Division One League identifies perceived biased officiating and refusal to accept referee decisions as the primary triggers of football hooliganism, proposing a "distributed matchday legitimacy" framework that integrates refereeing, security, media, and governance to manage stakeholder perceptions and mitigate violence.