Dynamics, Optimal Control, and Spillover Risk of the 2026 Bundibugyo Ebola Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
This study utilizes an SEIDR model combined with optimal control theory and mobility data to analyze the 2026 Bundibugyo Ebola outbreak in the DRC, identifying a basic reproduction number of 1.83, determining that 58.12% public adherence to protective behaviors could halt transmission, and demonstrating that a time-varying control strategy could shorten the epidemic by seven months while significantly reducing cross-border spillover risks to neighboring African nations, France, and Canada.