📄 Category

transplantation

7 papers

Transplantation represents one of medicine's most profound triumphs, offering life-saving second chances to patients with failing organs. This rapidly evolving field explores everything from improving donor-organ compatibility and reducing rejection risks to pioneering regenerative techniques that could one day eliminate the waiting list entirely.

On Gist.Science, we track every new preprint in this category as it emerges from medRxiv. Our team processes each study to provide both detailed technical breakdowns for experts and clear, plain-language summaries that make complex immunology and surgical advancements accessible to everyone. Whether you are a clinician staying current or a curious reader, these insights bridge the gap between raw data and real-world impact.

Below are the latest papers on transplantation, freshly summarized and ready for your review.

📄 transplantation

Functional gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with overall survival after solid organ transplantation

This study demonstrates that functional dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of solid organ transplant recipients, characterized by the expansion of Proteobacteria-associated virulence functions and the loss of Firmicutes A-associated metabolic modules, is significantly associated with increased post-transplant mortality, highlighting microbial functional potential as a key determinant of survival and a target for therapeutic intervention.

Zhang, S., Swarte, C., TransplantLines investigators,, Knobbe, T. J., Damman, K., Verschuuren, E. A. M., Gan, T. C., Har (…)2026-09-09
📄 transplantation

Immunosuppressive regimens and long-term kidney transplant outcomes: a dual survival modeling framework

This national retrospective study of over 228,000 kidney transplant recipients demonstrates that CNI-based maintenance regimens significantly improve long-term graft and patient survival, while a dual analytical framework combining classical Cox regression with machine learning models validates the continued clinical utility of traditional statistics alongside advanced predictive tools for risk stratification.

Apanisile, K., Li, M.-H., El-Amine, H., Koizumi, N.2026-06-12
📄 transplantation

Second multistate outbreak of tuberculosis caused by a bone allograft product

This paper reports a second multistate tuberculosis outbreak linked to a bone allograft product, highlighting critical gaps in current donor screening and tissue testing protocols that failed to detect *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* until after the outbreak occurred, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality among recipients.

Schildknecht, K. R., Williams, P. M., Schwartz, N. G., Haddad, M. B., Stewart, R. J., Annambhotla, P., Basavaraju, S. V. (…)2026-05-06
📄 transplantation

Cost-benefit analysis of deceased donor organ transplantation: an economic evaluation

This economic evaluation of deceased donor organ transplantation in the UK concludes that while kidney transplants are cost-saving compared to dialysis, heart and liver transplants are cost-effective within standard thresholds, whereas lung transplants remain the least cost-effective option.

Riley, J., Roberts, B., Rashid, B., Barton, L., Wellberry Smith, M., Sutcliffe, R., Billingham, E., Pettit, S., Jones, G (…)2026-03-19
📄 transplantation

Increases in Organ Donation in Donor Hospitals Changing Organ Procurement Organization Affiliations

A retrospective cohort study of two donor hospitals that switched Organ Procurement Organization (OPO) affiliations found that the change led to statistically significant increases in organ donors and transplants driven by improved donor conversion, suggesting that realigning hospital-OPO relationships can enhance donation activity without negatively impacting the system.

Sharifi, I., Tewksbury, E., Wadsworth, M., Goldberg, D. S.2026-03-12
📄 transplantation

A multicenter prospective validation cohort does not confirm the diagnostic yield of FDG PET/CT imaging in kidney allograft subclinical rejection

This multicenter prospective study of 185 kidney transplant recipients found that [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging, measured by mean standardized uptake value ratios, fails to reliably detect or rule out subclinical acute rejection in stable patients at three months post-transplantation.

Lovinfosse, P., Bouquegneau, A., Massart, A., Pipeleers, L., Bonvoisin, C., Carp, L., Everaert, H., Jadoul, A., Dendoove (…)2026-03-09
📄 transplantation

Improving diagnostic performance of kidney allograft rejection with a model combining relative fraction and absolute copies of donor-derived cell-free DNA - results from five independent cohorts

By integrating relative fraction and absolute copies of donor-derived cell-free DNA into a novel composite score (CM-Score), this study demonstrates significantly improved diagnostic accuracy for kidney allograft rejection across five independent cohorts, offering a robust tool to better rule in and rule out rejection compared to existing single-metric approaches.

Benning, L., Akifova, A., Oellerich, M., Osmanodja, B., Morath, C., Beck, J., Schuetz, A., Bornemann-Kolatzki, K., Schre (…)2026-01-20