Combining phytoremediation potential of Lemna gibba with biochar adsorption technology for cadmium, nickel and lead removal from wastewater
This study demonstrates that combining *Lemna gibba* phytoremediation with biochar adsorption derived from the same plant offers an effective, low-cost, and sustainable circular strategy for removing cadmium, nickel, and lead from industrial wastewater, with both methods showing highest efficiency for lead and cadmium.