Techno-economic assessment of pilot-scale nanocellulose production from pineapple peel residues in Costa Rica
This study demonstrates that a pilot-scale, chlorine-free process for converting Costa Rican pineapple peel residues into nanocellulose is both technically feasible and economically highly promising, yielding a 199.4% internal rate of return and a 19.5-month payback period for a plant targeting the European market.