astro-ph papers | Gist.Science

Precision constraints on the neutron star equation of state with third-generation gravitational-wave observatories

This paper demonstrates that a network of third-generation gravitational-wave observatories, specifically the Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope, will be able to constrain the neutron star radius to within approximately 75–200 meters (90% credibility) across a relevant mass range by analyzing the loudest events from an expected 300,000 binary neutron star mergers in a single year, representing a tenfold improvement over current constraints.

Kris Walker, Rory Smith, Eric Thrane + 1 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

An Agnostic Biosignature Based on Modeling Panspermia and Terraforming

This paper proposes an agnostic method for detecting extraterrestrial life by using agent-based modeling to identify spatial correlations between planetary characteristics and their locations, thereby prioritizing targets for observation based on the statistical likelihood of panspermia and terraforming effects rather than relying on uncertain single-planet biosignatures.

Harrison B. Smith, Lana Sinapayen2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Curvature Mapping Method: Mapping Lorentz Force in Orion A

This paper introduces the Curvature Mapping Method, a new technique that utilizes polarization observations to map magnetic forces, and applies it to the Orion A star-forming region to demonstrate that while magnetic fields support low-density gas, they are insufficient to prevent the collapse of dense regions.

Mengke Zhao, Guang-Xing Li, Keping Qiu2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Neutrinos in colliding neutron stars and black holes

This chapter reviews the physics of colliding black holes and neutron stars, emphasizing how neutrinos influence observable signals and the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements in the ejected matter.

Francois Foucart2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Planetary Nebulae

This chapter explores how planetary nebulae, formed by mass ejection from dying low-to-intermediate mass stars, serve as invaluable laboratories for studying astrophysics, astrochemistry, and astromineralogy.

Orsola De Marco, Isabel Aleman, Stavros Akras2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

ELLIPSECT: A surface brightness analysis tool for GALFIT 3

This paper introduces EllipSect, a Python-based tool that complements GALFIT 3 by generating publication-quality visualizations, exportable data, and non-parametric measurements to facilitate the quantitative assessment of galaxy surface brightness models.

Christopher Añorve, Omar Ulises Reyes-Amador, Emmanuel Ríos-López + 2 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Cloud-scale gas properties, depletion times, and star formation efficiency per free-fall time in PHANGS--ALMA

This study analyzes 67 galaxies in the PHANGS-ALMA survey to reveal how cloud-scale gas properties, particularly gas surface density and virial parameter, influence molecular gas depletion times and star formation efficiency, while highlighting the sensitivity of these results to CO-to-H2 conversion factors and their potential for comparison with numerical simulations.

Adam K. Leroy, Jiayi Sun, Sharon Meidt + 31 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

A possible wave-optical effect in lensed FRBs

This paper proposes that wave-optical interference patterns in the voltage auto-correlation of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), caused by collective microlensing from stars in a lensing galaxy, could serve as a unique signature to identify strongly-lensed FRBs even when only a single image is detected.

Goureesankar Sathyanathan, Calvin Leung, Olaf Wucknitz + 1 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

ARCANE -- Early Detection of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections

This paper introduces ARCANE, a novel framework that achieves robust, early detection of interplanetary coronal mass ejections in streaming solar wind data by leveraging a ResUNet++ machine learning model, which significantly outperforms threshold-based baselines while maintaining high performance even with real-time data constraints.

H. T. Rüdisser, G. Nguyen, J. Le Louëdec + 2 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Probing Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter: A Pulsar Timing Arrays-Pulsar Polarization Arrays Synergy

This paper establishes a foundational framework for synergistically detecting ultralight axion-like dark matter by combining Pulsar Timing Arrays and Pulsar Polarization Arrays, specifically deriving three-point correlation functions and Bayesian likelihoods that account for the non-Gaussian nature of timing signals to enhance detection capabilities.

Ximeng Li, Yonghao Liu, Zu-Cheng Chen + 9 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

SpiralMap: A Python library of the Milky Way's spiral arms

SpiralMap is a Python library that compiles nine major models of the Milky Way's spiral arms, enabling users to extract their 2D traces and visualize them in various coordinate frames and tracers.

Abhay Kumar Prusty, Shourya Khanna2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

A Ground-Based Transit Observation of the Long-Period Extremely Low-Density Planet HIP 41378 f

This paper reports a new ground-based transit detection of the long-period, low-density exoplanet HIP 41378 f, which refines its orbital ephemeris and suggests that planet d, rather than planet e, may be the primary driver of the system's transit timing variations.

Juliana García-Mejía, Zoë L. de Beurs, Patrick Tamburo + 25 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

The Double-Episode Jet Genesis of the eROSITA and Fermi Bubbles

This paper proposes and validates through 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations a model where two distinct AGN jet episodes launched 15 and 5 million years ago from the Galactic center generated the outer eROSITA bubbles and inner Fermi bubbles, respectively, successfully reproducing their observed multi-wavelength morphologies and physical properties.

Ruiyu Zhang, Fulai Guo, Shaokun Xie + 4 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Red Supergiants in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies

This review synthesizes recent advancements in identifying red supergiants across the Milky Way and nearby galaxies, highlighting how improved methodologies, expanded datasets, and new discoveries regarding variability and binarity are refining our understanding of massive star evolution and the Humphreys--Davidson limit.

Alceste Z. Bonanos2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Ultraviolet photon production rates of the first stars: Impact on the He II $λ$ 1640 � emission line from primordial star clusters and the 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn

This paper models the spectral energy distributions of rotating Population III stars to demonstrate that they can produce strong He II $\lambda$ 1640 emission lines without requiring extremely high stellar masses, while also assessing their modest but potentially detectable impact on the global 21-cm signal and power spectrum during cosmic dawn.

Joel Wasserman, Erik Zackrisson, Jiten Dhandha + 3 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

The Evolution and Internal Structure of Neptunes and Sub-Neptunes: The importance of thermal conductivity in non-convective regions

This study demonstrates that the thermal evolution and inferred radii of Neptune and sub-Neptune exoplanets are highly sensitive to thermal conductivity assumptions in non-convective, compositionally stratified layers, revealing that current theoretical uncertainties significantly exceed observational errors and necessitate improved data on material properties and primordial states.

Mark Eberlein, Ravit Helled2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Uncertainty-Aware Neural Networks for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model Selection from \texorpdfstring{ $x_{\rm HI}$ }{x_HI} Measurements

This study employs an uncertainty-aware hybrid machine learning framework trained on Bayesian-inferred observational probability density functions to constrain fuzzy dark matter models using 21-cm neutral hydrogen fraction data, identifying a best-fit scenario with a particle mass of approximately $10^{-22}\,\mathrm{eV}$ and a fraction of 0.04 while ruling out lighter masses.

Bahareh Soleimanpour Salmasi, S. Mobina Hosseini2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

A preliminary orbit for the satellite of dwarf planet (136472) Makemake

Based on archival Hubble Space Telescope observations from 2015 to 2019, this paper presents a preliminary circular orbit for Makemake's satellite with a period of approximately 18 days and an edge-on inclination that suggests the potential for mutual events between the dwarf planet and its moon.

Daniel Bamberger2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Extracting the Alcock-Paczynski signal from voids: A novel approach via reconstruction

This study introduces a novel method that applies cosmological reconstruction to the void-galaxy cross-correlation function, enabling the inclusion of small nonlinear voids and achieving a 23% improvement in constraining Alcock-Paczynski parameters compared to traditional redshift-space analyses.

G. Degni, E. Sarpa, M. Aubert + 3 more2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

Ultra-high energy event KM3-230213A as a cosmogenic neutrino in light of minimal UHECR flux models

This study proposes that the recently detected 220 PeV neutrino (KM3-230213A) is a cosmogenic neutrino consistent with minimal ultra-high energy cosmic ray flux models derived from Telescope Array data, while also satisfying constraints from gamma-ray observations.

M. Yu. Kuznetsov, N. A. Petrov, Y. S. Savchenko2026-03-03🔭 astro-ph

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