Effect of thiourea/metal ratio on the properties of MOE based Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films and solar cells
By optimizing the thiourea-to-metal ratio in the precursor solution to tailor film porosity, this study enhances the vertical crystallization uniformity and defect properties of MOE-based CZTSSe absorbers, thereby boosting solar cell efficiency from 8.1% to 12.1%.