earth_science papers | Gist.Science

From Hours to Daily Extremes: Evaluating ERA5 and ERA5-Land Biases Across Morocco’s Diverse Climates

This study evaluates ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis products against 36 Moroccan stations from 2016 to 2024, finding that while both accurately reproduce mean climate cycles and are largely interchangeable for general applications, they exhibit threshold-dependent skill in detecting daily extremes and reveal a critical structural limitation in ERA5-Land's land-mask coverage near coastal areas.

Badreddine ALAOUI, Driss BARI, Abdou KHOUAKHI2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Sampling Limits on Recovering Finite-Depth Double-Diffusive Interface Structure from Hydrographic Profiles

This study quantifies the sampling limitations of hydrographic profiles in recovering finite-depth double-diffusive interface structures, demonstrating that accurate reconstruction of scalar-interface properties requires station spacing finer than half the native interface width and additional velocity or microstructure measurements to determine heat and salt fluxes.

Sriram Kalathoor2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Diffusion-Based Super-Resolution of Adriatic Sea Oceanographic Fields

This paper introduces OcDiffSR, a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model that effectively reconstructs high-resolution sea-surface temperature, salinity, and velocity fields in the Adriatic Sea from coarse reanalysis data, outperforming traditional interpolation and state-of-the-art diffusion baselines in accuracy and spatial coherence.

Rajat Srivastava, Muhammad Sarmad, Emanuele Mele, Massimo Cafaro, Marco Pulimeno, Italo Epicoco2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Validation of ERA5 and ERA5-Land Reanalysis Data for Daily Air Temperature and Extreme Temperature Indices over Bangladesh

This study validates ERA5 and ERA5-Land reanalysis datasets against 31 meteorological stations in Bangladesh from 1989 to 2019, finding that while both products reliably reproduce daily temperatures with ERA5 performing better for daily maximums and absolute extremes, ERA5-Land more accurately captures long-term trends in percentile-based extreme temperature indices.

Anwoy Barua, Sanjib Ghosh, Shyamal Karmakar2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Wind aggregation for storm clusters improves the design of vulnerability curves for insurance companies

This study demonstrates that incorporating a wind aggregation framework to account for storm clustering significantly improves the accuracy of vulnerability curves and loss estimates for Western European windstorms, addressing the limitations of current models that rely solely on isolated storm intensities.

Laura Hasbini, Pascal Yiou, Quentin Hénaff2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Effects of Physical Properties of Reservoir Rocks on Hydrocarbon Formation and Accumulation in Sedimentary Basins

This paper investigates how the physical properties of reservoir rocks and specific fault systems influence hydrocarbon formation and accumulation in Ethiopian sedimentary basins, highlighting oil seep indicators in the Ogaden and Abay regions.

Seid Endrie, Ketsela Tadesse, Yimam Ali2026-10-15

📄 earth science

A Dynamical Categorization of Cold Air Outbreaks for Weather Impacts in East Asia

This study introduces a new quantitative index based on cold air flux distribution and Self-Organizing Maps to objectively categorize East Asian cold air outbreaks into three distinct patterns relative to Mt. Baitoushan, thereby clarifying their specific impacts on the Japan-Sea Polar airmass Convergence Zone and snowfall distribution in Japan.

Shinichiro Kato, Fumiaki Ogawa, Yoshihiro Tachibana, Satoru Kasuga, Shota Watanabe2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Mercury isotopes uncover climate-driven exposure pathways in Arctic food webs

This study uses mercury stable isotopes in ringed seals to demonstrate that climate-driven increases in terrestrial runoff and shifting ocean currents are exposing Arctic top predators to rising mercury levels, creating growing health threats despite declining global anthropogenic emissions.

Tove Petersson2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Extreme conditions and ecosystem disruptions of the relationships between phytoplankton, seagrass and macroalgal communities in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, 1997-2024

This study documents how extreme climatic events in the Indian River Lagoon, specifically the 2010 cold snap and the 2017-18 hurricane period, triggered cascading ecosystem disruptions that fundamentally altered the balance between phytoplankton, seagrass, and macroalgal communities over the 1997–2024 period.

Edward J Phlips, Susan Badylak, Lori Morris, Lauren M. Hall, Shih-Ni Prim, Ben Stelling, Stacy L. Cecil, Leslie Landauer (…)2026-10-15

📄 earth science

Unlocking Volcanic Swarms: Swarm-Informed ETAS and Plastic Rock Deformation

This study introduces the Swarm-Informed ETAS (SIETAS) model, which incorporates exponential temporal cutoffs and sigmoidal spatial kernels to better characterize volcanic earthquake swarms than standard ETAS models, and validates this approach through global seismic data and a frictional two-block model linking the observed decay to transient rock creep.

Anna Tramelli, Cataldo Godano, Vincenzo Convertito, Giuseppe Petrillo2026-10-15

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