1780 papers
This paper traces the evolution of Germany's pension system from its origins as a political tool for worker pacification to a generous corporatist model, its subsequent scaling back to balance adequacy and sustainability amid demographic aging, and its current state of renewed political and economic controversy following a reform backlash around 2015.
This paper argues that minimum wage protection is not a universal instrument but a group-conditioned one whose effectiveness depends on the spatial legibility of the workplace, demonstrating how site opacity and restricted worker mobility create a "collapse point" where raising statutory wages paradoxically excludes vulnerable groups like migrant domestic workers, thereby necessitating a policy sequence that prioritizes establishing transaction visibility before increasing wage levels.
This paper utilizes a novel abnormal fluctuation index to demonstrate that the U.S.–China trade war significantly disrupted cross-border supplier–customer relationships by increasing transaction costs and uncertainty, with firms' adjustment strategies varying based on their innovation capabilities, product substitutability, and geographic diversification.
This paper presents a Python-based economic-mathematical model of the Triple Helix framework for numerical analysis in regional economics, demonstrated through a 2024 case study of Arctic regions to support management decisions and recommend a comprehensive regional information and analytical system.
This article analyzes Poland's 1999 pension reform, arguing that while its shift to a mixed notional defined contribution and funded system achieved long-term fiscal sustainability, it ultimately failed to ensure adequate retirement incomes due to political fragility, the dismantling of the funded pillar, and rising poverty risks for women.
This study analyzes a comprehensive dataset of French parking contracts to demonstrate that agreements with private managers who have prior experience with public buyers tend to be less formalized, specifically featuring fewer penalty and monitoring clauses, thereby providing empirical evidence for a substitution effect between written and unwritten relational contracting.
Using heterogeneity-robust difference-in-differences estimators to address biases in prior studies, this paper finds that privatizing state telephone companies significantly expanded fixed-line access, with subscriptions per 100 inhabitants increasing by approximately 0.5 immediately and growing to roughly 2.9 within five years.
This paper employs an evolutionary game-theoretic model to formalize the transition from Limited to Open Access Orders, demonstrating that sustained institutional change requires the simultaneous satisfaction of North et al.'s three "doorstep conditions" as endogenous thresholds, a finding empirically validated through the calibration of South Korea's 1987 democratic transition.
This paper argues that for commodity-exporting middle-income countries like Mongolia, where borrowing costs fall as prices rise, the optimal strategy is to save approximately 64–84% of commodity windfalls in a Sovereign Wealth Fund or use them to retire debt rather than spending them domestically, as this approach maximizes welfare by balancing low fund returns against the insurance value of avoiding high borrowing costs during downturns.
This study employs a Monte Carlo simulation of accounting engagements to demonstrate that dynamic, activity-level estimate-to-complete methods significantly outperform static planning in forecasting AI-driven efficiency, offering stage-specific guidance to mitigate margin risks caused by staff learning curves and workload volatility.