Thermal Monitoring and Analysis of Moxa Cone Smoldering in Umbilical Therapy
This study establishes and validates a multiphysics thermal model for navel moxibustion by combining contact thermocouple measurements and infrared thermography, revealing that the moxa cone's peak temperature reaches approximately 650°C while the dough partition effectively maintains the tissue interface within a safe 43.0–46.5°C range.