311 papers
Immunology explores the intricate defense systems that keep our bodies safe from infections and disease. This field examines how our immune cells recognize threats, coordinate responses, and maintain a delicate balance between fighting invaders and avoiding self-harm. From understanding vaccine mechanisms to investigating autoimmune disorders, these studies reveal the dynamic biology protecting human health every day.
On Gist.Science, we ensure these critical discoveries remain accessible to everyone. We automatically process every new preprint in this category as it appears on bioRxiv, transforming complex research into both plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries. This approach allows readers to grasp the core findings without getting lost in dense jargon, while still providing the depth needed for scientific inquiry.
Below are the latest immunology papers from bioRxiv, each accompanied by our curated summaries to help you navigate the newest breakthroughs in the field.
Using zebrafish single-cell RNA sequencing, this study reveals that inflammation induces specific epidermal and macrophage subpopulations with reduced glucocorticoid responsiveness, while neutrophils retain sensitivity, thereby linking cell differentiation during inflammation to altered drug efficacy.
This study demonstrates that the NLRP1 inflammasome broadly senses the E3 ligase activity of viral proteins, such as the simian rotavirus SA11 NSP1, which triggers NLRP1 activation through targeted degradation, thereby establishing viral subversion of the host ubiquitin-proteasome system as a conserved mechanism for effector-triggered immunity across mammalian species.
This study employs a large-scale computational framework to analyze thousands of potential T cell differentiation pathways, revealing that cancer likely alters differentiation kinetics rather than pathway structure and that T cells dynamically switch between functional phenotypes during ex vivo expansion, thereby offering new insights to optimize adoptive cell therapy.
By constructing the Human NK-cell Atlas from over 1 million NK cells across 50 diseases, this study identifies disease-specific transcriptional remodeling patterns that are biologically interpretable and enable the development of the NKceiver model for accurately predicting clinical phenotypes and treatment responses.
This study identifies the downregulated circRNA circ_0074371 as a diagnostic biomarker for active pulmonary tuberculosis that restricts *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* survival by acting as a competing endogenous RNA to sequester miR-4738-3p, thereby activating the AMPK signaling pathway to promote M1 macrophage polarization.
This study demonstrates that a sequential vaccination strategy using a GT1.1 germline-targeting prime followed by a BG505 SOSIP.664 boost successfully reactivates and matures VRC01-class memory B cells in humans, resulting in broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of targeting a diverse panel of HIV-1 strains.
Despite evidence that Plasmodium infection downregulates astrocyte-derived Wnt7a and that exogenous Wnt7a fails to improve survival in infected mice, the study concludes that astrocyte dysfunction is not the primary cause of blood-brain barrier breakdown and endothelial junction protein loss in cerebral malaria.
This study demonstrates that human lymph node CD8+ T cell memory is organized within anatomical drainage regions, where paired nodes within the same region share highly concordant lymphocyte composition and clonal architecture regardless of viral specificity, while nodes across different regions exhibit distinct repertoires.
This study reveals that CD4 T cell priming involves a sequential engagement of distinct dendritic cell subsets, where early interactions with CD301b DC2s drive initial activation via cognate recognition, while subsequent engagement with late-arriving CD70 DC2s is essential for driving Th2 polarization.
While CD4+ T cell-intrinsic T-bet is dispensable for controlling acute *Toxoplasma gondii* infection, it is essential for sustaining protective IFN-γ-mediated immunity and parasite control within the brain during the transition to chronic infection.